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Q4 > DRRR Quiz 1 Q4 > Flashcards

DRRR Quiz 1 Q4 Flashcards

1
Q

This is a type of solid precipitation.

(a) _____________ is the individual piece layered, rounded, irregularly-shaped ice which occasionally produce during thunderstorms.

A

Hail

a. Hailstone

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2
Q

When a thunderstorm produces a hail, it’s called:

A

Hail Storm

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3
Q

What is the diameter of hailstone?

A

1 mm to 20 cm

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4
Q

Hailstones are formed when a (a) [high/low] amount of moist warm air ascends very (b) [slowly/quickly] into thunderstorm clouds with a large proportion (c) [above/below] the freezing level.

A

a. high
b. quickly
c. above

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5
Q

Why is hail formation not common in the Philippines?

A
  • Hail happens in mid-latitude continental regions (temperate region)
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6
Q

Hail formation is favored when the freezing level in an area is (more than/less than) ____________________.

A

less than apprx. 3400 meter high

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7
Q

Three reasons why hail favored in freezing level < 3400 m high?

A
  1. LOWER TEMP
  2. STRONGER UPDRAFTS caused by horizontal winds that is forced upwards upon hitting mountains (orographic lifting).
  3. SHORTER DISTANCE between clouds and high grounds which delays melting of hailstone
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8
Q

Hazards due to Hail Storm:

A

*Hail storms in the Philippines usually form only small hail stones which cause MINOR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

*Hail storms also may potentially pose hazards to AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

*It also has destructive effects on SENSITIVE CROPS such us corn, wheat, soybeans, and tobacco.

*Very rarely hail storms been the direct cause of severe or fatal PHYSICAL INJURIES

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9
Q

A narrow, funnel-or cylindrical-shaped and intensely-rotating columns of wind form during powerful thunderstorms and extends from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud down to the earth’s surface.

A

Tornadoes

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10
Q

Basically the same as tornadoes, the only difference is that the rotating column of wind moves over a body of water.

A

Waterspouts

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11
Q

Formation. Most tornadoes or watersprouts are spawned by _______________.

A

thunderstorms

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12
Q

Formation of Tornado/Watersprouts:

When (a) warm [moist/dry] winds and (b) cool [moist/dry] winds coming from different directions with different (c) [speed/intensity] meet, INSTABILITY occurs in (d) [upper/lower] atmosphere.

A

a. moist
b. dry
c. speed
d. lower

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13
Q

Safety Tips. What is the important phrase to keep in mind during a tornado (NOAA)?

A

“Get in, get down, and cover up!”

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14
Q

Relatively small, localized sources of violently descending strong winds (and precipitation) that travel along a straight line paths during thunderstorms.

A

Downbursts

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15
Q

How long does downbursts last and how fast can it reach?

A

Last for a couple of minutes and as fast as 240 kph

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16
Q

How is downbursts formed?

A

During thunderstorm, a point when rain and (sometimes) hail becomes heavy enough to fall.

Continuing updraft can be very strong that only small amounts are allowed to pass through and fall.

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17
Q

How is downbursts formed?

A

During thunderstorm, a point when rain and (sometimes) hail becomes heavy enough to fall.

Continuing updraft can be very strong that only small amounts are allowed to pass through and fall.

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18
Q

Damages that downbursts can cause:

A

aviation (aircrafts)
unstable, poorly constructed unfinished structures
vehicles
vegetation

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19
Q

Severe, slow-moving thunderstorms pour a large amount of precipitation over a very limited areal extent.

These can also cause widespread of soil erosion and landslides.

A

Flashfloods

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20
Q

The abnormal rise of water level in rivers, coastal areas, plains, and in highly urbanized centers which may be a result of natural phenomena, human activities, or both.

A

Flooding

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21
Q

Flooding duration:

A

few minutes to several days or weeks

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22
Q

natural processes or phenomena that are of atmospheric, hydrologic, or oceanographic.

A

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

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23
Q

May cause the loss of lives, damage to property, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation

A

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

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24
Q

The geographic location of the Philippines accounts for the high frequency of occurrence of these hazards.

A

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

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25
Q

A SEVERE weather disturbance characterized by strong WINDS and heavy RAINS which revolve around a central LOW PRESSURE area.

A

Typhoons

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26
Q

The most powerful type of tropical cyclone that forms in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

A

Typhoons

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27
Q

Tropical Cyclones has a total diameter of ___km but can be more than ____km wide.

A

550 km - 2000 km

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28
Q

Tropical Cyclones have a lifespan of ___days and can travel more than _____km

A

9 days > 10,000 km

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29
Q

Most destructive natural phenomena worldwide.

A

Tropical Cyclones

30
Q

Another name for TROPICAL CYCLONE and where.

A

“Hurricanes” in northeast Pacific & northern Atlantic regions.

31
Q

Distinction of Tropical Cylones according to their maximum sustained-wind speed

A

Tropical Depression
Tropical Storm
Severe Tropical Strom
Typhoon
Super Typhoon

32
Q

Tropical Depression

A

below 62 kph

33
Q

Tropical Storm

A

62 kph - 88 kph

34
Q

Severe Tropical Storm

A

87 kph - 117 kph

35
Q

Typhoon

A

118 kph - 184 kph

36
Q

Super Typhoon

A

above 185 kph

37
Q

Composition of Tropical Cyclones

A

Eye
Eye wall
Surrounding ring bands

38
Q

Area of lowest atmospheric pressure in the structure of a tropical cyclone.

A

Eye

39
Q

Tropical Cyclone. Characteristics within the EYE

A

may span 20-65 km WIDE
Winds are WEAK
Temperature is WARM;
and the Sky is CLEAR.

40
Q

Tropical Cyclone. Characteristics within the EYE WALL

A

can reach as high as 15 km above mean sea level
STRONGEST wind
HEAVY rain
turbulence.

41
Q

The region immediately surrounding the tropical cyclone’s center.

A

Eye Wall

42
Q

Are spiraling strips of clouds in the fringes of tropical cyclones which are associated with rainfall.

A

Rain Bands

43
Q

the winds of tropical cyclones blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere due to the _________

A

Coriolis Effect

44
Q

the winds of tropical cyclones blow (a)______ in the Northern Hemisphere and (b)________in the Southern Hemisphere

A

a. counterclockwise
b. clockwise

45
Q

Why Do Tropical Cyclones Form?

A

Form as a result of the atmosphere’s natural tendency to MAINTAIN EQUILIBRIUM by REDISTRIBUTING through wind from the equatorial regions.

46
Q

3 main components in the formation of Tropical Cyclones

A

Warm Sea
High Water/Vapor Content
Warm air

atmospheric pressure to air molecules = Low pressure area

47
Q

Effects of Tropical Cyclone

A

Strong winds
Storm Surge
Heavy Rains

48
Q

Impending signs of a Typhoon

A

Increased ocean Swell
Changes in clouds (cumulus clouds 36 hrs b4 Typhoon)
Barometric Pressure Drop (atmospheric pressure)
Abrupt Change in wind speed (high to low pressure)

49
Q

Measures for Mitigating the Destructive Effects of Typhoon

A

Geohazard maps prepared by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

50
Q

Effective public typhoon warning systems. PAGASA public storm warning signals

A

1 - BLUE (30-60)
2 - YELLOW (61-120)
3 - ORANGE (121-170)
4 - RED (118-184)
5 - PINK (185 ABOVE)

51
Q

Rainfall warning system

A

monitor- YELLOW (7.5 mm - 15 mm)
alert- ORANGE (15 mm - 30 mm)
evacuate- RED (30 mm ABOVE)

52
Q

Localized unusual increase of sea water level beyond the predicted astronomical tide level

A

Storm Surge

53
Q

Storm surges are due to

A

Intense winds and lowered atmospheric pressure during the passage of an intense tropical cyclone from the sea to the land.

54
Q

Tsunami vs Storm Surge

A

Tsunamis have way longer wavelengths (tens to hundreds of kilometers) compared to storm surges (tens to hundreds of meters).

55
Q

9 Factors of Storm Surge

A

-Wind speed (intensity/hampas)
-Pressure Effect (low pressure)
-Size (^ bigger ^ Bigger affected area)
-Storm Forward Speed (^ velocity)
-Angle Approach to coast (Perpendicular = higher storm surge)
-Earth’s Rotation (Coriolis effect)
-Rainfall Effect
-Geometry of coastal areas
-Timing

56
Q

Factor of storm surge. Appearance of the ocean or sea bottom resulting from the variation in depth in different portions.

A

Bathymetry

57
Q

Factor of storm surge. Wide, low-lying areas with elevation of only a few meters above sea level are vulnerable to storm surges.

A

Topography (land configuration resulting from variation in elevation).

58
Q

Shape of the coastline. Storm surge level is higher when a tropical cyclone hits a concave coastline, this is because of the_____ , which is simply the entrapment in a smaller accommodation space of water being dumped by the strong winds.

A

funneling effect

59
Q

What to Do in the Event of an Impending Storm Surge

A
  1. Listening to official warnings of storm surges issued by PAGASA through television or radio.
  2. Find the nearest safe high ground where you can evacuate.
  3. When evacuating, bring with you only what is important and essential.
  4. Your planned route of evacuation should avoid streams, drainage channels, and any other conduits of water as flash foods can occur and can be life-threatening.
60
Q

A violent, transient type of weather disturbance associated with thousands of meters tall cumulonimbus clouds.

A

Thunderstorm

61
Q

Requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm

A

MOISTURE (water vapor) produce clouds and precipitation during storm formation;

an UNSTABLE, rapidly rising mass of WARM AIR; and

A strong upward current of air (UPDRAFT) to force moisture to higher, colder levels of atmosphere.

62
Q

Thunderstorms involve

A

lightning and thunder
strong winds
intense rainfall
occasionally tornadoes
hail.

63
Q

Cycle of thunderstorm

A
  • Developing or cumulus stage (updraft formation of cumulus cloud due to continuous updraft and supply of moisture.)
  • mature stage (downdraft and by precipitation.)
  • The final or dissipating stage (dominant downdrafts)
64
Q

Stable updraft warm air. Decrease of temperature without tanggal of air

A

Adiabatic Cooling

65
Q

Surrounding air will also decrease in temperature

A

Environmental lapse rate

66
Q

Is the abrupt, natural, visible, high-voltage electrical discharge which takes place when positive and negative charges join within a cloud, between clouds, or between the clouds and the ground.

A

Lightning

67
Q

Acoustic effect of sudden expansion of air caused by the heat released during lightning strike.

A

Thunder

68
Q

More accurate term than just lightning when referring to the most dangerous type of lightning.

A

Cloud-to-ground lightning

69
Q

what is kulog

A

rapid expansion of air molecules

70
Q

How lightning develops

A

charge eme

Q4 (12 decks)

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