DRRR Flashcards
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Hazard
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
disaster
How does a disaster result from
From the possible combination of: exposure to hazard, the conditions of vulnerability at present, insufficient coping ability of the possible negative consequence
a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures
Natural Disaster
Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions
Man-made Disasters
Three categories of man-made hazards
- Technological/industrial disasters
- Terrorism/Violence
- Complex humanitarian emergencies
Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters
technological/industrial disasters
the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction
terrorism/violence
the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war.
complex humanitarian emergencies
the possibility that something bad or unpleasant (such as an injury or a loss) will happen
risk
refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period
disaster risk
three variables that affects the determination of disaster risk
hazard, vulnerability to hazard, coping capacity
can be described as the resources available to individuals, households and communities to cope with a threat or to resist the impact of a particular hazard
capacity
are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.
risk factors
factors underlying disastters
climate change
environmental degradation
globalized economic development
poverty and inequality
poorly planned and managed urban development
weak governance
changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges
environmental degradation
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
climate change
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed.
globalized economic development
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
poverty
The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty
poorly planned and managed urban development
are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services
weak government
