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Drogs :) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Independent variable

A

Thing you set out to change

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2
Q

Dependent variable

A

Thing you measure in an investigation

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3
Q

Control variable

A

Thing that you keep the same so that the investigation is fair

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4
Q

What don’t you include when calculating the mean?

A

Anomelies

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5
Q

Where does a independent variable go in a table?

A

First column

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6
Q

What can only go in the heading of a table and not the rest?

A

Units eg. cm / mm

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7
Q

What does an independent variable go on if categoric?

  • Bar chart
  • Line graph
A

Bar chart

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8
Q

What does an independent variable go on if continuous?

  • Bar chart
  • Line graph
A

Line graph

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9
Q

What axis does the independent variable go on?

A

X axis

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10
Q

Descrete variables

A

Things you count of which are whole numbers

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11
Q

Continuous variable

A

Things that you measure eg. mass, time, length

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12
Q

Categoric variable

A

They are described by labels eg. cat, dog, mouse

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13
Q

Drugs are a substance that effect ……….. ………….

A

Body chemistry

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14
Q

Drugs can be categorised according to the …….. …. ……..

A

Effect on body

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15
Q

What do depressants do?

A

slow down nerve + brain activity, relieve anxiety

eg. alcohol, cannabis, solvents, sleeping pills, tranquillisers

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16
Q

What do stimulants do?

A

Increase nerve + brain activity, more awake, produce feelings of extreme wellbeing

eg. nicotine, caffeine, ecstacy, cocaine

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17
Q

What do hallucinogens do?

A

alter what we see + hear, change perception of life

eg. LSD

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18
Q

What do painkillers do?

A

They block nerve impulses

eg. paracetamol, aspirin

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19
Q

What do performance enhancers do?

A

Improve muscle development

eg. anabolic steroids

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20
Q

Some drugs are medical, some are for pleasure…………

A

Recreational drugs

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21
Q

What are antibiotics used for?

A

To treat bacterial infections

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22
Q

What is sustanon used in?

A

asthma inhalers, painkillers

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23
Q

Some antibiotics can be taken without a ………………

A

Prescription

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24
Q

some recreational drugs are legal but with…………………

A

Age restrictions

eg. alcohol, tabacco

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25
Q

Most recreational drugs are illegal, give 3 examples

A

You could have chosen 3 from below:

  • cocaine
  • heroin
  • ketamine
  • LSD
  • ecstacy / MDMA
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26
Q

When recreational drugs are taken out of a pharmacy without a prescription they then become ………………

A

illegal

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27
Q

Who was Penicillin discovered by?

A

Alexander Flemming

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28
Q

What did Penicillin do?

A

Treat bacterial infections

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29
Q

What did Flemming warn us about?

A

The development of resistant strains

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30
Q

What has an overdose of antibiotics resulted in?

A

Antibiotic resistance and the threat it poses

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31
Q

New medical drugs have to go through what before they can be licensed for use in patients?

A

Many drug trials, stages of double blind drug trials and placebo

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32
Q

What do drugs change in your brain so that you become addicted to them?

A

The chemical processes

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33
Q

What is the name of the pleasure chemical in your brain?

A

Dopamine

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34
Q

Over time that you are taking drugs your brain will undergo what?

A

Physical changes

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35
Q

When you get addicted what happens to the dosage you take?

A

It gets bigger as you need more for it to have the same effect

36
Q

What happens when addicts try to stop

A

They get withdrawal symptoms

eg. headaches, pains, sweating, shaking

37
Q

Why do people like alcohol?

A

Helps people relax, slows down reactions (increases risk of accidents eg. when driving)

38
Q

What can having too much alcohol in one go do to you?

A

Can lead to loss of self control, unconsciousness, even death

39
Q

What can long term abuse by alcohol lead to?

A

damage to liver and brain, increases risk of cancer

40
Q

What are the effects of drinking on society?

A

drink driving may lead to accidents, domestic violence, binge drinking and it cost the NHS money

41
Q

Recommendations are no more than ……. units per week for men and women.

A

14

42
Q

Is cocaine a short lived or long lived drug?

A

Short lived

43
Q

What are the side effects of cocaine?

A

Wide awake and confident

44
Q

What are the short term risks of cocaine?

A

High temperature, racing heart, heart attack (overdose)

45
Q

Name 3 Long term risks of cocaine?

A

Anxiety, paranoia, damages cartilage of nose if snorted,

Depression, anxiety, panic attacks strong craving, breathing problems, chest pain, damages blood vessels, risk of gangrene if infected

46
Q

Is Cannabis illegal or legal in the uk?

A

Illegal

47
Q

Is cannabis additive

A

Yes

48
Q

What is the main ingredient in cannabis?

A

THC

49
Q

Cannabis is a mild ………… and ……..

A

Hallucinogen and sedate

50
Q

How is cannabis consumed?

A

Smoked

51
Q

What are 3 side effects of cannabis?

A

Feel happy, relaxed, people claim it relieves painful symptoms like multiple sclerosis

52
Q

What can long term use of cannabis do to you?

A

Give you a mental illness

53
Q

Ketamine is a powerful what?

A

Anaesthetic - stops you feeling pain

54
Q

What are the side effects of ketamine?

A

Loss of feeling, makes you feel like your floating, hallucinations

55
Q

Can ketamine also be used medically?

A

Yes

56
Q

How han ketamine be consumed?

A

Snorted, injected, smoking, swallowed

57
Q

What are the short term risks of ketamine

A

Cant feel pain if you get an injury, high doses mixed with alcohol can be fatal

58
Q

What are the long term risks of ketamine?

A

Serious bladder problems

59
Q

What is heroin derived from

A

Opium poppies

60
Q

How is heroin used medicinally?

A

As a strong painkiller

61
Q

How is heroin consumed?

A

Can be snorted or smoked but is usually injected

62
Q

****What are the side effects of Heroin?

A

Feeling of wellbeing. Larger doses make you feel sleepy

63
Q

What is the chemical name for ecstasy?

A

MDMA

64
Q

What are the side effects of Ecstasy?

A

Feeling happy and energised

Music and colours are more intense

65
Q

How is ecstasy usually consumed?

A

as a tablet (not the iPad type)

66
Q

What are the short term risks of ecstasy?

A

Death from impurities in the tablet or from overheating and dehydration

67
Q

What are the long term risks of ecstasy?

A 
Kidney problems
Heart problems
Depression
Anxiety
Memory problems
68
Q

What are the potential risks of ecstasy?

A

Could cause paranoia, anxiety & confusion

69
Q

After taking ecstacy you can feel what?

A

depressed

70
Q

What are the long term risk of ecstasy?

A

kidney and heart problems, depression, anxiety, memory problems

71
Q

How is nitrous oxide consumed?

A

inhailed

72
Q

what is nitrous gas otherwise known as?

A

laughing gas

73
Q

what type of drug is nitrous oxide?

A

a depressant

74
Q

What are the side effects of nitrous oxide?

A

euphoria, calmness, dizziness, fits of giggles

75
Q

what are the short term risks of nitrous oxide?

A

dizziness, loss of judgment, may result in injury, unconsciousness, even death

76
Q

what are the long term risks of nitrous oxide?

A

anaemia, severe nerve damage, sensation in extremities, difficulty walking

77
Q

what do people take performance enhancing drugs for?

A

improve performance in sport, muscle building

78
Q

what are performance enhancing drugs similar to?

A

male hormone testosterone

79
Q

can you be prescribed performance enhancing drugs?

A

yes but only for certain conditions

80
Q

how are performance enhancing drugs consumed?

A

tablet / ingested

81
Q

what do performance enhancing drugs improve?

A

endurance / performance

82
Q

what are the side effects of performance enhancing drugs?

A

paranoia, irritability, mood swings, aggression, violent behaviour

83
Q

what are the side effects in males of performance enhancing drugs?

A

shrunken testicles, inability to get an erection, breast development, hair loss

84
Q

what are the side effects in females of performance enhancing drugs?

A

growth of facial hair, shrunken breasts, acne, menstrual problems

85
Q

what can steroid misuse case longterm damage to?

A

heart, liver, increase risk of heart attack, strokes

Biology (13 decks)

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