Human Nutrition Flashcards
What should a balanced diet include?
Appropriate proportions of
- carbohydrates,
- proteins,
- lipids,
- vitamins,
- minerals,
- water,
- dietary fibre
Name 3 sources of protein
Eggs
Chicken
Dairy products
Meat
Fish
Name 3 sources of carbohydrates
Bread
Pasta
Rice
Fruit
Legumes
Name 3 sources of lipids
Butter
Oil
Nuts
Avocados
Describe the function of vitamin A
Protect surface of the eye
Describe the function of vitamin D
Absorption of calcium
Describe the function of vitamin C
Sticks cells lining surface
Describe the function of calcium
Making teeth and bones
Describe the function of iron
Making haemoglobin
What is the deficiency of vitamin A
Night blindness
What is the deficiency of vitamin C
Scurvy
What is the deficiency of vitamin D
Rickets
What is the deficiency of calcium
Rickets
What is the deficiency of iron
Anaemia
What can vitamin A be found in?
Liver, butter, carrots
What can vitamin C be found in?
Fresh fruit and veg
What can vitamin D be found in?
Fish liver oils
What can calcium be found in?
Dairy products, fish, bread
What can iron be found in?
Red meat, green veg
What can dietary fibre be found in?
Brown rice
Brown bread
Wholegrain cereal
Vegetables
What is water used for in the body?
Stop dehydration and maintain fluid levels
What is dietary fibre used for in the body?
Helps digestive system
What are minerals used for in the body?
Help the vitamins work and maintain health
What can a lack of certain vitamins and minerals lead to?
Deficiency diseases
Why do energy requirements vary ?
Activity levels
Age
Gender
Pregnancy
What is the purpose of the stomach ?
Stomach makes stomach acid to kill pathogens to help prevent sickness.
Which part of the digestive system releases all three types of enzyme?
The small intestine releases
all three types of digestive enzyme.
Name the process of pushing food along the digestive system.
Peristalsis
What is starch digested into and how?
Starch is digested into glucose by amylase and maltase
What is protein digested into and how?
To amino acids by proteases / pepsin
What are lipids digested into and how?
Fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
Where is bile produced and where is it stored?
Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
What are the 2 roles of bile?
Neutralising stomach acid (to provide the optimum pH or enzymes in the small intestines)
Emulsifying lipids (to provide a larger surface area to lipase enzymes)
What is the process of diffusion?
The movement of substances from high to low concentration
What factors affect the rate of movement of substances?
Surface area to volume ratio
Distance
Temperature
Concentration gradient
What is the experiment for testing the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of diffusion?
Purple jelly experiement
How is the small intestine adapted for absorption by diffusion?
Micro villi to increase surface area,
Thin walls (just 1 cell thick) reducing diffusion distance,
Network of capillaries and good blood supply,
Lacteal absorbs products of lipids’ digestion
What is the experiment to show absorption by diffusion in the small intestine?
Model gut
What is the process of osmosis?
Movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane
What is the experiment to show osmosis in a non living system?
Osmometer - thistle funnel
