DR 2: Commencing & responding to claim Flashcards
Which claims MUST be started in County Court
£100k or less
OR £50k or less for PI
Which claims MAY be started in High Court (C can choose)
- More than £100k OR more than £50k for PI
- Claim complex (fact, legal issues, remedy, procedures)
- Outcome important to public in general
If a claim is issued in High Court, can a judge decide to transfer to County Court later?
Yes
What organisation issues most claims and retains those that are undefended?
Civil National Business Centre (CNBC) in Northampton
Where/how are proceedings issued?
- Money only made on paper=send to CNBC, will be sent to Ds local County C if hearing required
- Online for specified sums max £100k=website Money Claim Online
- All other County Court claims-any of the County Court hearing centres
What are the divisions of the high court and what do they deal with?
- Kings Bench-Tort/contract
- Chancery-land, trusts, inheritance, partnership/company
- Family-divorces/adoption
What are the Business and Property Courts used for?
For national/international specialist business/other disputes
Inc:
*Commercial Court-complex cases arising from business disputes over contracts, insurance, banking and finance
*Tech and Construction Court-buildings, engineering, surveying
What is the overview of the process for commencing and responding to a claim?
- Issue and serve claim form and particulars of claim
- Defences, counterclaims and additional claims filed
- Court allocates claim to a track
When are proceedings formally started?
when claim issued to court (is when limitation period time stops running)
What is a statement of case and its purpose?
○ Are the formal docs where parties concisely set out their respective cases
○ Served between parties and filed at court
○ Enable parties to assess strength of opponants case, see what evidence is needed to counter it, decide whether to settle
At trial, will the court decide issues not raised in the statements of case?
No
What documents will a statement of case usually be?
- Claim form and particulars of claim
- Defence
What additional documents can a statement of case be?
- Claimants reply
- Counterclaim
- Defence to counterclaim
- Response to request for further information
When drafting statements of case, what type of language should be used
clear plain English where possible
Where a solicitor prepares a statement of case, whos name should it be signed in?
Firms name
What documents need to be sent to the court to issue a claim?
- Claim form N1
- Particulars of claim (on claim form or in sep doc)
- Docs required to be annexed by CPR (eg. copy of contract)
What should be included in the heading (top right corner) of the claim form?
*Details of relevant court
*Details of solicitors fee account
*Claim number (inc. on all court docs) assigned when claim form issued
*Date of issue
What is the rule for what name should be entered onto the claim form depending in the capacity of the party?
*Individual=Full unabbreviated names and title
*Sole traders= name and business name
*Partnerships=Should sue and be sued in name of firm
*Companies=Registered name/address (check with company search)
*If C dead=Executors, administrators, PRs
On the claim form, what should the brief details of claim include?
Concise statement on nature of claim and specify remedy
On the claim form, what should the statement of value include?
a. HC: put ‘claimant expects to recover more than £100k/£50k’
b. CC: state whether expect to recover:
*not more than £10k
*More than £10k but not more than £25k
*more than £25k but not more than £100k
* more than £100,000;
*they cant say how much they expect to recover.
c. For PI, also state whether amount C expects to recover as general damages for pain, suffering and loss of amenity is not more than £1500 or more than £1500
When calculating how much a party expects to recover in the claim form, what is disregarded?
- Costs and interest
- Contributory negligence
- Counterclaims
On the claim form, what name and address for service should be given?
- Defendants
- OR solicitors IF confirmed in writing sol instructed to accept service of court proceedings on clients behalf
On the claim form, what should be included in the Financial summary of claim box?
1. Amount claimed’ box:
*Specified: exact figure inc interest
*Unspecified: estimate of amount genuinely expected to recover
2. Court fee
3. Legal reps costs:
* fixed for specified money claims
*For all others- ‘to be assessed
In the financial summary of claim on the claim form, what is the court fee based on?
The figure in the amount claimed box, max £10,000
Can you indicate your Preferred County Court hearing centre on the claim form?
Yes
What information about witnesses should be entered on the claim form?
C/witness is vulnerable and how
What information regarding human rights should be entered on the claim form?
If claim raises any issues under the HRA 1998 (rare)
What is the effect of not including a statement of truth on the claim form?
court could strike out
What are the language must the statement of truth on a claim form be in?
The witnesses own language
Who should sign the statement of truth?
*Party
*OR their legal rep
*Partnership-partner/person having control/management of business
*Company-person holding senior position such as dir, sec, chief exec, treasurer
If an individual signs a claim form on behalf of a party, what should be added to the statement of truth?
‘I am duly authorised by [party] to sign this statement’
What should the statement of truth include?
That they believe the facts to be true and understand contempt of court proceedings may be bought against them for false statement in a doc verified by a statement of truth
For a statement of truth in a particular of claim where the legal rep signs what will be taken in their statement has happened? ?
- Client authorised them to do so
- They explained to client that in signing the statement of truth thesolicitor is confirming the client’s belief that the facts stated in the document are true
- Client was warned of possible consequences if client didnt have an honest belief in the truth of those facts; specifically, prosecution for contempt of court
What must the particulars of claim document include?
- Concise statement of facts on which C relies
- If seeking interest, statement to that effect and details
Where a contract relates to the parties acting in the course of business, what should the claimant confirm in the particulars of claim?
the defendant’s business
For breach of contract, what should the particulars of claim include?
- Status of parties
- chronological events
- Existence of contract
- Express terms included/implied
- What parts of contract have been performed
- Particulars of Breach
- Factual consequences
- Damage and loss alleged and itemised
- Interest
- Summary of relief (remedies)
- Signed statement of truth
Particulars of claim: what should be included regarding the existence of the contract?
- Date
- Type (written/oral)
- Parties
- Subject matter
- Consideration
(Attach copy to be served with particulars of claim)
Particulars of claim: what should be included regarding the particulars of breach?
itemise exactly what Ds done wrong/what they did or didn’t do to breach the contract
Particulars of claim: how is interest that may be awarded calculated?
□ Contract may specify rate
□ OR may be claimed under Late Payment of Commercial Debts (interest) Act 1998 -applies only to specified damages and is 8% per annum above BoE rate -also entitled to statutory composition for inconvenience of having to recover debt
□ OR court has discretion to award
What should the particulars of claim for negligence include ?
- Similar to contract above
- Reflect legal elements of DOC, breach of duty, causation, loss
- Court has discretion to award damages in any negligence claim (Normally awarded from when loss was sustained)
Time limit for service of claim form on other parties once it has been issued
4 calendar months
Time limit met when ‘step required’ completed
Can a claim form be served on a firm of solicitors?
Yes if nominated (and all docs must be served on the solicitor once nominated)
Time limit for service of particulars of claim
At same time or within 14d after service of claim form but no later than 4mo
What methods of service are permitted by the CPR?
- Personal service
- 1st class post/doc exchange
- Leaving at specified place
- Fax/other electronic communication
- Any other method authorised by court (ie. Text)
How do you personally serve documents on an individual?
handing to them OR leaving with or near them
How do you personally serve documents on a partnership?
Leave with a partner or person who has control or management of the partnership at its principle place of business
How do you personally serve documents on a company?
leaving docs with person who holds senior position
When can you serve docs using 1st class post/doc exchange?
Where doc exchange (DX) no. on letter heading, can use unless otherwise specified
When can you serve docs using fax or other electronic communication?
Other party specify they’re happy, eg:
*Fax no on solicitors letterhead
*NOT email/fax number on parties headed paper
For email: solicitor must specifically confirm
‘Step required’ for service by First class post, document exchange or other service which provides for delivery on the next business day
Posting, leaving with, delivering to or collection by the relevant service provider