DPT 625: Biomechanics and Kinesiology

Question 1

Branch of mechanics that describes effect of forces and torque on body

a. Kinetics
b. Kinematics

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Branch of mechanics that describes motion of a body, without regard to forces or torques hat may produce motion

a. Kinetics
b. Kinematics

Answer 2

B

Question 3

True or False

The position of max congruency of articular surfaces is referred to as the joints close-packed position

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What does the sagittal plane run parallel to?

Answer 4

the sagittal suture of the skull, dividing the body into left and right sections

Question 5

What does the frontal plane run parallel to?

Answer 5

the coronal suture of the skull, dividing the body into front and back sections

Question 6

What does the horizontal (transverse) plane run parallel to?

Answer 6

the horizon and divides the body into upper and lower sections

Question 7

True or False

Concentric activation occurs as a muscle produces a pulling force as it is being elongated by another – more dominant force

Answer 7

False

Question 8

True or False

The agonist is the muscle or muscle group that is most directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular movement

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False

A first class lever will always have its axis of rotation (AOR) at one end of a bone and the internal force possesses greater leverage than the external force

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True or False

Slide represents a singular point on one articulating surface contacting multiple points on another articular surface

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False

Ratio of stress caused by an applied strain in a ligament is referred to as stiffness

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The movement of flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane on what axis?

Answer 12

ML axis

Question 13

Elevation of the SC joint involves simultaneous _______ roll and ______ slide.

a. Inferior; Superior
b. Superior; Inferior
c. Superior; Superior
d. None of the Above

Answer 13

B

Question 14

The medial end of the clavicle appears _____ in the longitudinal diameter and _____ in the transverse diameter.

a. Concave; Concave
b. Convex; Concave
c. Concave; Convex
d. Convex; Convex

Answer 14

B

Question 15

True or False

Wolff’s law states that “bone is laid down in areas of low stress and reabsorbed in areas of high stress.”

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Scapulothoracic elevation involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint.

a. Elevation; Depression
b. Depression; Downward
c. Elevation; Upward
d. Depression; Upward

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Scapulothoracic upward rotation involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint.

a. Depression; Downward
b. Elevation; Upward
c. Elevation; Downward
d. Elevation; Upward

Answer 17

D

Question 18

True or False

The Henneman Size Principle states that larger neurons are generally recruited before smaller motor neurons.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Retraction of the sternoclavicular joint involves simultaneous _____ roll and _____ slide.

a. Anterior; Anterior
b. Posterior; Posterior
c. Posterior; Anterior
d. Anterior; Posterior

Answer 19

B

Question 20

The movement of the abduction/adduction occurs in the _____ plane on the ____ axis of rotation.

a. Sagittal; anterior-posterior
b. Horizontal; vertical
c. Frontal; anterior-posterior
d. Sagittal; medial-lateral

Answer 20

C

Question 21

True or False

During flexion movement at the humeroradial joint, the fovea of the radius rolls and slides in opposite direction across the convexity of the capitulum

Answer 21

False (roll/slide in the same direction)

Question 22

With full shoulder extension defined as 0⁰, the functional range of motion at the elbow for flexion and extension ranges from _______.

a. 30⁰ to 130⁰
b. 75⁰ to 100⁰
c. 0⁰ to 180⁰
d. -5⁰ to 145⁰

Answer 22

A

Question 23

The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder include:

a. Coracobrachialis
b. Biceps brachii (long head)
c. Teres minor
d. Middle deltoid
e. All of the above

Answer 23

C

Question 24

The _______ muscle drives the superior roll of the humeral head during abduction at the glenohumeral joint

a. Infraspinatus
b. Serratus anterior
c. Supraspinatus
d. Lower trapezius

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Please match the following functions at the scapulothoracic joint with the corresponding correct muscle. ``` Retractor: _____ Protractor: _____ Upward rotator: _____ Depressor: _____ Downward rotator: _____ Elevator: ____ • Upper trapezius • Middle trapezius • Levator Scpulae • Pectoralis minor • Subclavius • Serratus anterior ```

Answer 25

* Retractor: Middle trapezius * Protractor: Serratus anterior * Upward rotator: Upper trapezius * Depressor: Subclavius * Downward rotator: Pectoralis minor * Elevator: Levator Scapule

Question 26

Which of the following tissues may become depressed between the humeral head and coracoacromial arch? a. Superior GH joint capsule b. Subacromial bursa c. Supraspinatus tendon d. All of Above

Answer 26

D

Question 27

True or False Glenohumeral joint dislocations most commonly occur in the superior direction

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The inferior glenohumeral ligament is comprised of the following a. Anterior band b. Axillary pouch c. Posterior band d. All of Above e. None of the above

Answer 28

D

Question 29

True or False The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder are passive stabilizers of glenohumeral joint arthrokinematics

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Vigorous contraction of the ________ muscle during full horizontal extension of the shoulder requires the scapula to be firmly stabilized by the _______ muscle. a. Posterior deltoid; lower trapezius b. Anterior deltoid; middle trapezius c. Posterior deltoid; upper trapezius d. middle deltoid lower trapezius

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Poor or slouched posture has been correlated with a tight or overshortened _______ muscle, thus contributing to reduced volume in the subacromial space. a. Bicpes brachii b. Serratus anterior c. Pectoralis minor d. Middle trapezius e. All of the above

Answer 31

E

Question 32

True or False Persons with partially torn supraspinatus tendon are advised to hold objects far away from the body in order to reduce the external moment arm of the load.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Assuming 180⁰ of arm abduction, what motion occurs at each of the following joints? - SC Joint - GH joint - ST joint

Answer 33

25⁰ posterior rotation 45⁰ external rotation 20⁰ posterior tilt

Question 34

At the midcarpal joint, extension occurs as the capitate rolls _____ on the lunate and simultaneously slides ______. a. Palmarly; palmarly b. Dorsally; palmarly c. Palmarly; dorsally d. Dorsally; dorsally

Answer 34

B

Question 35

At the radiocarpal joint, extension occurs as the lunate rolls _____ on the radius and simultaneously slides _____. a. Palmarly; palmarly b. Dorsally; palmarly c. Palmarly; dorsally d. Dorsally; dorsally

Answer 35

B

Question 36

During extension of the mid-cervical spine, the inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide _____ and _____, relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae. a. Anteriorly; inferiorly b. Inferiorly; anteriorly c. Inferiorly; posteriorly d. Posteriorly; superiorly

Answer 36

C

Question 37

During intracervical (C2-C7) lateral flexion, the inferior articular facets on the side opposite the lateral flexion slide _____ and slightly _____. a. Posteriorly; superiorly b. Inferiorly; posteriorly c. Superiorly; anteriorly d. Superiorly; inferiorly

Answer 37

C

Question 38

During ulnar deviation at the radiocarpal joint, the _____, _____, and _____ roll ulnarly and slide radially. a. Hamate, capitate, lunate b. Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid c. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum d. Scaphoid, lunate, pisiform

Answer 38

C

Question 39

Please match the following spinal ligaments with the correct function. Please select the best choice for each structure. Each answer selection may only be used ONE time. ``` PLL: _____ ALL: _____ Intertransverse Ligament: _____ Ligamentum Flavum: _____ • Limits extension • Limits contralateral lateral flexion • Reinforces posterior aspect of IVDs • Limits flexion ```

Answer 39

* PLL: Reinforces posterior aspect of IVDs * ALL: Limits extension * Intertransverse ligament: Limits contralateral lateral flexion * Ligamentum Flavum: Limits flexion

Question 40

Kienbock’s disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the _____. a. Lunate b. Scaphoid c. Capitate d. Trapezium e. None of the above

Answer 40

A

Question 41

True or False During flexion movement at the humeroradial joint, the fovea of the radius rolls and slides in opposite direction across the convexity of the capitulum.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

The _____ muscle creates a compression force at the humeroradial joint with associated proximal migration of the radius during motion of pronation. a. Brachioradialis b. Pronator Teres c. Palmaris longus d. Pronator quadratus

Answer 42

B

Question 43

The distal end of the radius angles about ___ towards the unla. a. 20⁰ b. 100⁰ c. 50⁰ d. 0⁰

Answer 43

A

Question 44

During weight-bearing pronation/supination involving the distal radioulnar joint, the ulnar head rolls and slides in ____ direction on the unlar notch of the radius. a. Opposite b. Similar

Answer 44

A

Question 45

True or False Glenohumeral joint dislocations most commonly occur in the superior direction

Answer 45

False

Question 46

With full elbow extension defined as 0⁰, the functional range of motion at the elbow for flexion and extension movements ranges from _______. a. 0⁰ to 180⁰ b. 30⁰ to 130⁰ c. -5⁰ to 145⁰ d. 75⁰ to 100⁰

Answer 46

B

Question 47

The transverse carpal ligament is connected to the _____ and ______ on the radial side of the wrist. a. Scaphoid; trapezium b. Scaphoid; capitate c. Pisiform; hamate d. Pisiform; triquetrum e. Capitate; lunate

Answer 47

A

Question 48

Please match the following ligaments of the elbow with the correct function (each choice may only be selected one time) * Medial collateral (anterior fibers):_______ * Medial collateral (posterior fibers):_______ * Lateral (ulnar) collateral:______ * Annular:________ * Radial collateral:_______ * Valgus * Varus * Flexion and Extension * External rotation and flexion * Radial distraction

Answer 48

* Medial collateral (anterior fibers): Flexion and Extension * Medial collateral (posterior fibers): Valgus * Lateral (ulnar) collateral: External rotation and flexion * Annular: Radial distraction * Radial collateral: Varus

Question 49

9) Please match the following function at the scapulothoraic joint with the corresponding correct muscle. The provided muscles may be selected only one time. * Retractor: ________ * Upward Rotator: __________ * Downward Rotator: _________ * Middle trapezius * Upper trapezius * Pectoralis Minor

Answer 49

* Retractor: Middle trapezius * Upward Rotator: Upper trapezius * Downward Rotator: Pectoralis Minor

Question 50

During pronation of the forearm, the fovea of the radial head _____ against the capitulum of the humerus. a. Glides b. Slides c. Spins d. Rolls e. None of the above

Answer 50

C

Question 51

Excessive tightness in the _____ capsule of the GH joint is associated with shoulder impingement syndrome. a. Inferior b. Superior c. Posterior d. Anterior e. None of the above

Answer 51

C

Question 52

True or False During pronation and supination of the forearm, the axis of rotation extends obliquely from the radial head to the ulnar head

Answer 52

True

Question 53

The medial compartment of the mid-carpal joint is formed by the capitate and hamate articulating with the ______, ______, and ______. a. Scaphoid, lunate, trapezium b. Trapezium, trapezoid, triquetrum c. Scaphoid, lunate, pisiform d. Scaphoid, lunate, trapezium e. None of the above

Answer 53

A

Question 54

Based on a generalized 2:1 scapulohumeral rhythm, 180⁰ of abduction is result of a simultaneous ___ of GH joint abduction ___ of scapulothoracic upward rotation. a. 140⁰; 40⁰ b. 60⁰; 120⁰ c. 120⁰; 60⁰

Answer 54

C

Question 55

True or False The scaphoid bone receives its blood supply from ulnar artery and branches of posterior interosseous artery

Answer 55

False (Radial Artery)

Question 56

Adduction of the glenohumeral joint involves simultaneous ___________ roll and __________ slide. a. Inferior; inferior b. Superior; inferior c. Inferior; superior d. Superior, superior

Answer 56

C

Question 57

With the “thumb-up” position defined as 0° (neutral), the functional range of motion at the forearm for supination and pronation movement ranges from __________. a. 0° to 130° b. -100° to 100° c. 85° to 75° d. 50° to 50°

Answer 57

D

Question 58

Reduced forearm pronation and supination can be compensated for by __________ and ___________ rotating the shoulder, respectively. a. Laterally; medially b. Upwardly; downwardly c. Internally; externally d. Externally; internally e. None of the above

Answer 58

C

Question 59

Normal cubitis valgus of the elbow is defined as an angulation of about _________ from the longitudinal axis of the humerus. a. 15° b. 5° c. 75° d. 30° e. None of the above

Answer 59

A

Question 60

Please match the following functions at the scapulothoracic joint with the corresponding correct muscle. The provided muscles may be selected only one time. * Protractor: ______ * Depressor: ________ * Elevator: _______ * Levator Scapulae * Serratus Anterior * Subclavius

Answer 60

* Protractor: Serratus Anterior * Depressor: Subclavius * Elevator: Levator Scapulae

Question 61

True or False During supination of the forearm in a weight-bearing position, the radius and carpal bones rotate around a fixed humerus and ulna

Answer 61

False

Question 62

True or False In a non-weight-bearing position, the radius and carpal bones rotate around a fixed radius

Answer 62

False

Question 63

The _________muscle has on average the largest physiologic cross-sectional area average of any flexor muscle crossing the elbow joint. a. Biceps Brachii (long head) b. Pronator teres c. Biceps brachii (short head) d. Brachioradialis e. Brachialis f. None of the above

Answer 63

E

Question 64

Please match the following upper extremity muscles with the correct elbow/forearm function. Each choice may only be selected one time. * Brachioradialis:______ * Extensor pollicis longus:______ * Anconeus:________ * Flexor carpi radialis:______ * Extensor * Flexor * Flexor * Supinator

Answer 64

* Brachioradialis: flexor * Extensor pollicis longus: supinator * Anconeus: extensor * Flexor carpi radialis: flexor

Question 65

Kienbock's Disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the _________. a. Capitate b. Scaphoid c. Trapezium d. Lunate e. None of the above

Answer 65

D

Question 66

True or False Osteoarthritis of the knee is more common in the obese population compared to the non-population

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Please label the following with joints with their joint classification a. SC joint b. Radiocarpal joint c. Humeroulnar joint

Answer 67

Saddle Ellipsoid Hinge

Question 68

During ulnar deviation at the radiocarpal joint, the ________, ________, and ________ roll ulnarly and slide radially a. Scaphoid, lunate, pisiform b. scaphoid, lunate triquetrum c. Hamate, capitate, lunate d. Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid

Answer 68

B

Question 69

ST downward rotation involves a summation of ________ at the SC and _______ rotation at the AC joint a. depression, upward b. elevation, downward c. depression, downward d. elevation, upward

Answer 69

C

Question 70

During weight bearing pronation/supination involving the distal radioulnar joint, the ulnar head rolls and slides in _________ directions on the ulnar notch of the radius a. Similar b. Opposite

Answer 70

B

Question 71

Supination of the ankle and foot involves what three motions? a. eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion b. eversion, adduction, and plantarflexion c. inversion, adduction, and plantarflexion d. inversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

Answer 71

C

Question 72

At the midcarpal joint, extension occurs as the capitate rolls _______ on the lunate and simultaneously slides _______ a. palmarly, palmarly b. palmarly, dorsally c. dorsally, dorsally d. dorsally, palmarly

Answer 72

D

Question 73

ST depression involves a summation of _______ at the SC joint and ______ rotation at the AC joint. a. depression, upward b. depression, downward c. elevation, downward d. elevation, upward

Answer 73

A

Question 74

True or False The ratio of the stress caused by an applied strain in ligament is referred to as Young’s modulus

Answer 74

True

Question 75

At the radiocarpal joint, extension occurs as the lunate rolls ______ on the radius and simultaneously slides _________ a. dorsally, dorsally b. dorsally, palmarly c. palmarly, dorsally d. palmarly, palmarly

Answer 75

B

Question 76

Aadduction of the GH joint involves simultaneous ______ roll and _____ slide a. inferior, superior b. superior, superior c. superior, inferior d. inferior inferior

Answer 76

A

Question 77

With full elbow extension defined as 0°, the functional range of motion at the elbow for flexion and extension movements ranges from __ to ___ a. 75° to 100° b. 30° to 130° c. -5° to 145° d. 0° to 180°

Answer 77

B

Question 78

Depression at the SC joint involves simultaneous ________ roll and ________ slide a. inferior, inferior b. inferior superior c. superior, superior d. superior, inferior

Answer 78

B

Question 79

Pronation of the ankle and foot involves what three motions? a. eversion, adduction, and plantarflexion b. inversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion c. inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion d. eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

Answer 79

D

Question 80

Pronation and supination of the ankle and foot occur around the ______ axis a. AP b. Vertical c. Oblique d. ML

Answer 80

C

Question 81

Protraction of the SC joint involves simultaneous ______ roll and ______ slide a. posterior, anterior b. anterior, anterior c. anterior, posterior d. posterior, posterior

Answer 81

B

Question 82

The primary function of the deltoid ligament is to limit what motion? a. adduction b. inversion c. abduction d. eversion

Answer 82

D

Question 83

Describe the roll and slide of the talus during ankle dorsiflexion a. slide posterior, and roll anterior b. slide posterior, and roll posterior c. slide anterior, and roll posterior d. slide posterior, and roll anterior

Answer 83

A

Question 84

The loose packed position or unstable position of the ankle mortise joint is? a. full inversion b. full plantarflexion c. full dorsiflexion d. full eversion

Answer 84

B

Question 85

True or False While performing bent knee sit-ups, the resultant spinal compression to a fully flexed spine does not meet or exceed the NIOSH action limit for low back compression

Answer 85

False

Question 86

Potential Causes of Avascular necrosis to the hip may include a. fracture b. prolonged corticosteroids c. radiation therapy d. sickle cell anemia e. only a & b are correct f. a, b, c & d are correct

Answer 86

F

Question 87

Excessive anterior pelvic tilt of the pelvis during gait is due to: a. hip flexor contracture b. hip extensor contracture c. lack of passive hip extension d. both a and b e. both a and c

Answer 87

E

Question 88

How many degrees of hip extension are needed for proper gait mechanics a. 15° b. 30° c. 10° d. 20°

Answer 88

C

Question 89

A spine that is not fully flexed ensures that the back extensor muscles provide a supporting _____ shear forece on the superior vertebrae. While full flexion causes the interspinous ligament complex to strain, imposing ______ shear force on the superior vertebrae a. posterior, posterior b. anterior, anterior c. anterior, posterior d. posterior, anterior e. none of the above

Answer 89

D

Question 90

The lack of ankle dorsiflexion during the gait cycle can lead to what? a. excessive ‘toeing out’ gait pattern b. increased pronation c. a ‘bouncing’ gait pattern d. all of the above

Answer 90

D

Question 91

How many degrees of great toe extension should take place during toe off? a. 35°- 45° b. 45° - 55° c. 55° - 65° d. 65° - 75°

Answer 91

B

Question 92

The ‘hoop’ around the abdomen that stabilizes the lumbar spine is comprised of: a. lumbodorsal fascia anteriorly b. abdominal fasica posteriorly c. active abdominal muscles laterally d. only a & c are correct e. a, b, & c are correct

Answer 92

C

Question 93

Excessive frontal plane motion of the pelvis during gait cycle is likely due to ____________ a. hip abductor contracture b. hip adductor contracture c. hip abductor weakness d. hip adduction weakness

Answer 93

C

Question 94

At heel contact, ground reactive forces produce ______. a. tibial medial rotation b. talar medial rotation c. femoral lateral rotation d. subtalar eversion

Answer 94

D

Question 95

The ________ muscles plantar flex and pronate the foot to help counteract the strong inversion/supination effect caused by the _______. a. fibularis, tibialis posterior b. fibularis, tibialis anterior c. tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum d. tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum

Answer 95

A

Question 96

True or False A patient presenting with a rupture of the biceps muscle may have difficulty performing tasks involving pronation of the forearm

Answer 96

False

Question 97

Heel slap during gait deviation is likely due to _________________ a. common peroneal nerve palsy b. mild weakness of ankle dorsiflexors c. distal peripheral neuropathy d. all of the above

Answer 97

D

Question 98

True or False According to research, training the rectus abdominis muscle can be accomplished with a single exercise

Answer 98

True

Question 99

The center-edge angle defines the extent to which the acetabulum covers the _____ of the femoral head a. bottom b. front c. back d. top

Answer 99

D

Question 100

During extension of the thoracic spine, the inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide ______ and ______ relative to the superior articular facets of the interior vertebrae a. anteriorly, inferiorly b. posteriorly, superiorly c. inferiorly, posteriorly d. inferiorly, anteriorly

Answer 100

C

Question 101

Potential ill-advised rehabilitation recommendations include a. strengthen the muscles in the torso to protect the back b. avoid end-range flexion during exercising with loads c. bend the knees when performing sit-ups d. only a & c are ill advised

Answer 101

C

Question 102

Femoral-on-pelvic hip abduction involves simulataneous ______ roll and _______ slide a. inferior ; superior b. superior; superior c. superior; inferior d. inferior; inferior

Answer 102

C

Question 103

True or False As a means of low back injury prevention, it is recommended that people such as ambulance drivers and athletes sitting on benches immediately exert themselves after a period of prolonged lumbar flexion

Answer 103

False

Question 104

True or False The knee must be fully extended to maximize the independent axial rotation between the tibia and femur

Answer 104

True

Question 105

The national institute of occupational safety and health (NIOSH) action limit for low back compression is about _________ Newtons a. 33 b. 330 c. 3300 d. 33000

Answer 105

C

Question 106

Which of the following statements about annulus injury and resulting bulging/herniation is true? a. it appears that the disc must be bent to the full ROM in order to herniate b. disc herniation is associated with repeated loading in the range of thousands of times c. herniations tend to occur in older spines d. only a & b are true e. a, b, & c are true

Answer 106

D

Question 107

Please match the following hip muscles with the correct function * hip abductor (secondary):_______ * hip flexor (primary):______ * hip abductor (primary): _________ * hip flexor (secondary): ______ * hip external rotator (secondary): _______ * hip external rotator (primary): ________ * gracilis * piriformis * rectus femoris * quadratus externus * tensor fascia lata * quadratus femoris

Answer 107

* hip abductor (secondary): piriformis * hip flexor (primary): rectus femoris * hip abductor (primary): tensor fascia lata * hip flexor (secondary): gracilis * hip external rotator (secondary): quadratus externus * hip external rotator (primary): quadratus femoris

Question 108

True or False An end plate fracture may mimic the symptoms of a disc herniation

Answer 108

True

Question 109

True or False Based on research involving athletes such as gymnasts, damage to the posterior vertebral elements (pars interarticularis) may be associated with a repeated full range of motion

Answer 109

True

Question 110

Locking of the knee in full extension requires about 10° of _______ rotation a. internal b. external

Answer 110

B

Question 111

The clinical presentation for plantar fasciitis may include a. sharp heel pain during the first steps in the morning b. pes cavus c. pain with extension of 4th and 5th digits of the foot d. excessive ankle dorsiflexion e. all of the above

Answer 111

A

Question 112

True or False Evidence suggests that reducing spin compressive loads reduces the risk of end plate fracture

Answer 112

True

Question 113

ST protraction involves a summation of _________ at the SC and _________ rotation at the AC a. retraction, external b. protraction, internal c. protraction, external d. retraction, internal e. none of the above

Answer 113

B

Question 114

Match the following end-range position with the correct taut tissue * hip extension (knee extended): _______ * flexion (knee flexed):_______ * extension (knee flexed): ______ * flexion (knee extended): ______ * hamstrings * iliofemoral ligament * interior capsule * rectus femoris

Answer 114

* hip extension (knee extended): iliofemoral ligament * flexion (knee flexed): interior capsule * extension (knee flexed): rectus femoris * flexion (knee extended): hamstrings

Question 115

The medial end range of the clavicle appears ________ in the longitudinal diameter and _________ in the transverse diameter a. concave; concave b. concave; convex c. convex; convex d. convex; concave

Answer 115

D

Question 116

True or False Upward and downward rotation are the primary motions occurring at the AC joint

Answer 116

True

Question 117

Please match the following stages of adhesive capsulitis with the correct clinical presentation * “freezing” stage:___________ * “thawing stage”:__________ * “frozen” stage:__________ * minimal shoulder pain * pain only at end-range shoulder movements * pain throughout entire shoulder ROM

Answer 117

* “freezing” stage: pain throughout entire shoulder ROM * “thawing stage”: minimal shoulder pain * “frozen” stage: pain only at end-range shoulder movements

Question 118

Match the following terms with the correct knee frontal plane angulation * genu varum: ______ * normal genu varum: ______ * excessive genu valgum: _____ • > 180° • 170° - 175° •

Answer 118

* genu varum: > 180° (bow-legged) * normal genu varum: 170° - 175° * excessive genu valgum:

Question 119

True or False In those patients with low back injuries, a posterior pelvic tilt exercise is recommended when performing low back exercise

Answer 119

False

Question 120

frontal plane motion of the knee occurs _______ only, and is limited to ___. a. actively; ~6° - 7° b. passively, ~6° - 7° c. Actively, ~15° - 20° d. passively, ~15° - 20°

Answer 120

B

Question 121

Match the following ligaments with the correct function * LCL: _______ * PCL: _______ * MCL: ________ * ACL: ________ * resists varus * resists knee flexion * resists valgus * resists knee extension

Answer 121

* LCL: resists varus * PCL: resists knee flexion * MCL: resists valgus * ACL: resists knee extension

Question 122

Femoral-on-pelvic knee flexion involves simulataneous ________ roll and _______ slide a. posterior, anterior b. anterior, posterior c. anterior, anterior d. posterior, posterior

Answer 122

A

Question 123

What are the following terms and their correct hip frontal plane angulation (angle of inclination) a. normal:_____ b. coxa vara:_____ c. coxa valga:_____

Answer 123

125° < 125° > 125°

Question 124

Meniscal tears are often associated with forceful a. axial, flexed b. frontal, extended c. horizontal, extended d. sagittal, flexed

Answer 124

A

Question 125

The closed-packed position for hip includes full _______ in conjunction with slight _________ and _______ a. flexion, internal rotation, abduction b. extension, internal rotation, adduction c. flexion, internal rotation, adduction d. extension, internal rotation, abduction e. extension, external rotation, adduction

Answer 125

D

Question 126

Dring intercervical (C2-C7) lateral flexion, the inferior articular facets on the side opposite the lateral flexion slide _______ and slightly ________. a. superiorly, anteriorly b. superiorly, inferiorly c. posteriorly, superiorly d. inferiorly, posteriorly

Answer 126

C