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Bone > Dougherty Part 4 > Flashcards

Dougherty Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

chondrosarcoma by definition has no what

A

malignant bone formation

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2
Q

what are the types of chondrosarcomas based on calcificaiton of location

A

intramedullary

juxtacortical and surface

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3
Q

what are the types of chondrosarcoma classified histologically

A

conventional (hyaline and/or myxoid)
clear cell
dedifferentiated
mesenchymal

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4
Q

chondrosarcoma is seen in what ages

A

over 40

clear cell and mesenchymal occur in teens

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5
Q

where does chondrosarcoma affect the skeleton

A

pelvis, shoulder, ribs

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6
Q

15% of chondrosarcoma arise in what

A

enchondroma (higher risk with multiple enchondromas, and osteochondroma

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7
Q

where is clear cell chondrosarcoma found

A

long tubular bone epiphyses

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8
Q

what is seen on an X-ray of conventional chondrosarcoma

A

nodular growth with endosteal scalloping and flocculent densities from calcification
reactive thickened cortex bone

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9
Q

where does conventional chondrosarcoma metastasize to

A

lungs

bone

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10
Q

what is dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

A

low-grade chondrosarcoma and high grade sarcoma

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11
Q

clear cell chondrosarcoma is found in what patients and where

A

teens/young adults

epiphysis

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12
Q

mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is found in what patients

A

teens/young adults

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13
Q

fibrous cortical defect affects what age group

A

40% of children

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14
Q

nonossifying fibroma is found in what age group

A

adolescent

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15
Q

where can one find fibrous cortical defects

A

metaphysis/cortex

knee

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16
Q

where can one find non ossifying fibroma

A

metapysis/cortex

knee

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17
Q

what is the size of a fibrous cortical defect

A

small (less than 0.5cm)

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18
Q

what is the size of a non ossifying fibroma

A

large up to 6cm

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19
Q

fibrous dysplasia shows what 3 patterns

A

monostotic
polyostotic with soft tissue myxomas
polyostotic with endocrine dysfunction (McCune-Albright Syndrome)

20
Q

what is seen in McCune-Albright Syndrome

A

cafe aurait skin pigmentations

endocrine: sexual precocity (often presenting), hyperthyroidism, pituitary adenomas with GH, primary adrenal hyperplasia

21
Q

hyperactive G-protien of GNAS gene

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome

22
Q

McCune-Albright Syndrome is seen in what

A

fibrous dysplasia

23
Q

Chinese character woven bone in fibrous stroma is seen in what

A

fibrous dysplasia

24
Q

what is seen in fibrous dysplasia

A

well-circumsctibed intramedullary
large may expand and distort bone
gross: tan-white and gritty

25
Q

80% of Ewing Sarcoma is in what age group

A

less than 20 years

26
Q

what is ewing sarcoma

A

small round (blue) cell tumor of bone and soft tissue
glycogen
Homer-Wright Rosettes

27
Q

what is the issue in ewing sarcoma

A

EWS gene translocation

t(11;22) EWS-FLI1

28
Q

what is the difference between Ewing Sarcoma and Primative Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)

A

degree of neural differentiation

29
Q

where on the bone and in what bones is ewing sarcoma and PNET

A

diaphysis of long tubular bones (FEMUR) and flat bones of pelvis

30
Q

when would on see lytic destruction onionskin periosteal reaction and sunburst pattern

A

Ewing sarcoma

PNET

31
Q

what is Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

A

benign locally aggressive tumor of macrophage/monocyte system

32
Q

giant cell tumors are normally found where in the bone

A

epiphyses but may extend into the metaphysis

33
Q

where are giant cell tumors most commonly found

A

knee

34
Q

in giant cell tumors mononuclear cells express what

A

RANKL

35
Q

grossly what does one see in giant cell tumor of bone

A

brown from hemosiderin

36
Q

what is seen in Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)

A

pain and swelling
multiloculated blood-filled cysts
rapid growth may appear malignant

37
Q

aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is common in what ages

A

below 20

38
Q

where and in which bones is aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) found

A

metaphysis
long bones
vertebrae

39
Q

what histological features are seen in Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

A

blood filled cysts separated by internal septae
fibroblasts and multinucleate giant cells
woven bone

40
Q

what is the most common form of skeletal malignancy

A

metastatic disease

41
Q

what is the pathway of spread in metastatic disease

A

direct extension
lymphatic or hematogenous
intraspinal seeding (Baston plexus of veins)

42
Q

adult metastatic disease is commonly from where

A

“BLT and a Kosher Pickle”

Breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate

43
Q

metastatic disease is most often found where

A

axial skeleton

44
Q

osteoblastic metastases in the vertebral column is most likely from where

A

patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostate

45
Q

what are peidatric metastatic diseases

A 
Neuroblastoma
Wilms Tumor
Osteosarcoma
Ewing sarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

Bone (19 decks)

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