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Bone > Cheung Part 7 > Flashcards

Cheung Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral curvature greater than 10 degrees, often associated with rotational deformity

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2
Q

who is more likely to have scoliosis more than 20 degrees

A

females 7:1

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3
Q

what physical exam test is used for scoliosis

A

forward bend test

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4
Q

what tests are done for scoliosis

A

full length X-rays to measure vertebral angle

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5
Q

what is the treatment for scoliosis

A

brace if angle is greater than 30 degrees

surgery if angle is greater than 40-50degrees

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6
Q

what is club foot

A 
idiopathic congenital foot deformity
characterized by:
plantar flexion of ankle
adduction of heel
high arch
adduction of the forefoot
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7
Q

what physical exams are done in club foot

A

rule out neurological problems

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8
Q

what is the treatment of club foot

A

manipulation and casting immediately

surgery if still rigid at 3 years

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9
Q

what is Osgood Schlatter

A

overuse injury causing apophyseal injury at tibial tubercle

pain over tibial tubercle

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10
Q

what exam and test results are seen in Osgood Schlatter

A

pain over tibial tubercle

X-rays show fragmentation of tubercle

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11
Q

what is the treatment of Osgood Schlatter

A

NSAIDs
rest
PT

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12
Q

what is hip dysplasia

A

malformed hip socket and femoral head

associated with ligamentous laxity, left hip, female gender, breech presentation

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13
Q

what exams are done for hip dysplasia

A

Barlow and Ortolani exam (can hear hip clunk)

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14
Q

what tests can be helpful in hip dysplasia

A

ultrasound

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15
Q

what is the treatment of hip dysplasia

A

Pavlik harness to force relation of hip

casting and surgery in older kids

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16
Q

what is going on in the barlow test

A

dislocate hip by pushing it in and adducting

17
Q

what is going on in the ortolans test

A

relocate hip by pulling it down and abducting

18
Q

what is Perthes Disease

A

idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head

b/w 4-8 years old

19
Q

what are the symptoms and exam findings in perches disease

A

limp and stiffness

decreased INTERNAL rotation and abduction

20
Q

what are the test results in Perthes Disease

A

X-rays show sclerosis, coxa magna

MRI can help with diagnosis

21
Q

what is the treatment for Perthes disease

A

ROM and bracing

22
Q

what is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

displacement of the femoral head through the physis usually during growth spurt
associated with obesity, males, sports, endocrine disrders

23
Q

what workup must be done is there is bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

endocrine workup

24
Q

what are the symptoms and exam finding with slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

pain with activity

loss of INTERNAL rotation with hip FLEXED

25
Q

what tests are done for slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

AP and lateral X-rays show slip

26
Q

what is the treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

surgical fixation in situ

27
Q

what is the normal genu varum/valgum throughout life

A

start in varum at birth 10-15 deg
by 18 months straightens to 0
maximum valgum of 15deg at age 4
5-10 deg in adolescence

28
Q

what are the symptoms and exam findings associated with genu varum/valgum

A

worried parents

measure the knee angle

29
Q

what tests are done in for genu varum/valgum

A

weight bearing X-rays if outside normal

30
Q

what is the treatment for genu varum/valgum

A

observation
bracing
occasional epiphyseal stapling
osteotomy

31
Q

what is a tarsal coalition

A

abnormal connection between tarsal bones

32
Q

what are the symptoms and exam findings in tarsal coalition

A

pain, limp, frequent ankle sprains

respricted hindfoot movment

33
Q

what test are done to tarsal coalition

A

X-rays will show CALCANEA NAVICULAR coalition

CT scan can confirm

34
Q

what is transient synovitis of the hip

A

sterile effusion of the hip causing pain

35
Q

what are the symptoms and exam finding with transient synovitis of the hip

A

limp, refuses to walk, groin pain
history of viral infection elsewhere
limp, stiffness, afebrile

36
Q

what tests are done in transient synovitis of the hip

A

X-rays show effusion
CBC, ESR, CRP are not elevated
joint aspirate less than 50,000
GETS BETTER WITH NSAIDS

37
Q

what is the difference b/w transient synovitis of the hip and infectious arthritis

A

transient synovitis joint aspirate has less than 50,000WBC
infectious arthritis aspirate is more than 50,000 WBC
NSAIDS work for transient synovitis
infectious arthritis needs ABX

Bone (19 decks)

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