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Bone > Cheung Part 4 > Flashcards

Cheung Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what myotome covers the deltoid

A

C5

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2
Q

what myotome covers the biceps and wrist extensors

A

C6

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3
Q

what myotome covers the triceps and wrist flexors

A

C7

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4
Q

what myotome covers the finger flexors

A

C8

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5
Q

what myotome covers the interossei

A

T1

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6
Q

what is DISH

A

idiopathic disease characterized by osteophyte formation spanning several vertebra

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of DISH

A

stiff spine

spine

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8
Q

what tests are done in DISH

A

X-rays show birding osteophytes over 4 vertebra

no HLA association

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9
Q

what is used to treat DISH

A

NSAIDs

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10
Q

what is radiculopathy

A

compression of nerve root

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11
Q

what are the symptoms of radiculopathy

A

unilateral radiating dermatomal pain

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12
Q

what is seen in physical exam with radiculopathy

A

ROM causes radiating pain
dermatomal weakness and parenthesis
no upper motor neuron signs

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13
Q

what does an MRI show in radiulopathy

A

nerve root compression

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14
Q

how is radiculopathy treated

A

NSAIDs
steroid injections
PT traction
surgical decompression

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15
Q

what is myelopathy

A

compression of the spinal cord

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of myelopathy

A

bilateral weakness
difficulty with fine motor tasks
wide gait

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17
Q

what exams results are seen in myelopathy

A

bowel or bladder dysfunction

upper motor Neuron sings

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18
Q

what does an MRI show in myelopathy

A

cord compression

19
Q

what is the treatment of myelopathy

A

epidural injections may help but surgical is best

20
Q

what structures run through the 1st dorsal compartment of the hand

A

APL
EPB
seen in de quervian tenosynovitis

21
Q

what nerve is tested in the patellar reflex

A

L4

22
Q

what nerve root is tested by the achilles refelx

A

S1

23
Q

what myotome innervates the hip flexors (illiapsoas)

A

L2

24
Q

what myotome innervates the knee extensors (quads)

A

L3

25
Q

what myotome innervates the ankle dorsiflexors (tibias anterior)

A

L4

26
Q

what myotome innervates the great toe dorsiflexors (extensor hallucis longus)

A

L5

27
Q

what myotome interacts the ankle plantar flexors (gastric-soleus complex)

A

S1

28
Q

what are risk factors for a herniated nucleus pulposus

A

smoking
weight bearing sports
repetitive lifting activitis
prolonged sitting/driving

29
Q

what is seen in a disc herniation due to bulging annulus fibrosus (“contained herniation”)

A

minimal inflammatory response

30
Q

what is seen in an extruded (trans-lig) or sequestered nucleus pulposus

A

inflammation:
mediated by IL-1, IL-8, TNF-a, PGE-2, NO
macrophages
supstance P

31
Q

the pain in an extruded (trans-lig) or sequestered nucleus pulposus is due to what

A

sinuvertebral nerve

32
Q

what is radiculitis

A

inflammation of nerve root to nervy inflammatory mediators (differentiate from nerve room compression)

33
Q

what is the primary stabilizer of the knee

A

ACL

prevents anterior tibial translation

34
Q

what are the symptoms of an ACL tear

A

popping sound
hemarthosis
knee instability

35
Q

50% of ACL tears are associated with what

A

meniscal tear

36
Q

wha is seen in the physical exam of an ACL tear

A

effusion
+ Lachman’s test
+anterior drawer test

37
Q

what is the most sensitive test to an ACL tear

A

Lachman’s

38
Q

what is treatment of an ACL tear

A

PT (hamstring strength)

ACL reconstruction for unstable knees and athletes

39
Q

what is a frozen shoulder and what is it associated with

A

idiopathic loss of shoulder motion

associated with diabetes

40
Q

what are the symptoms of frozen shoulder

A

early freezing then thawing over 6-24 months

pain may be associated with this

41
Q

what is seen on the physical exam of a frozen shoulder

A

loss of 50% of active a passive ROM

painful deltoid insertion

42
Q

what test results are seen in a torn ACL

A

X-rays negative

MRI positive

43
Q

what are the treatments for frozen shoulder

A

NSAIDS, injections, ROM with PT

arthroscopic lysis of adhesions and MUA

44
Q

what are the test results seen in frozen shoulder

A

X-rays are negative

Bone (19 decks)

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