Cheung Part 4 Flashcards
what myotome covers the deltoid
C5
what myotome covers the biceps and wrist extensors
C6
what myotome covers the triceps and wrist flexors
C7
what myotome covers the finger flexors
C8
what myotome covers the interossei
T1
what is DISH
idiopathic disease characterized by osteophyte formation spanning several vertebra
what are the symptoms of DISH
stiff spine
spine
what tests are done in DISH
X-rays show birding osteophytes over 4 vertebra
no HLA association
what is used to treat DISH
NSAIDs
what is radiculopathy
compression of nerve root
what are the symptoms of radiculopathy
unilateral radiating dermatomal pain
what is seen in physical exam with radiculopathy
ROM causes radiating pain
dermatomal weakness and parenthesis
no upper motor neuron signs
what does an MRI show in radiulopathy
nerve root compression
how is radiculopathy treated
NSAIDs
steroid injections
PT traction
surgical decompression
what is myelopathy
compression of the spinal cord
what are the symptoms of myelopathy
bilateral weakness
difficulty with fine motor tasks
wide gait
what exams results are seen in myelopathy
bowel or bladder dysfunction
upper motor Neuron sings
what does an MRI show in myelopathy
cord compression
what is the treatment of myelopathy
epidural injections may help but surgical is best
what structures run through the 1st dorsal compartment of the hand
APL
EPB
seen in de quervian tenosynovitis
what nerve is tested in the patellar reflex
L4
what nerve root is tested by the achilles refelx
S1
what myotome innervates the hip flexors (illiapsoas)
L2
what myotome innervates the knee extensors (quads)
L3
what myotome innervates the ankle dorsiflexors (tibias anterior)
L4
what myotome innervates the great toe dorsiflexors (extensor hallucis longus)
L5
what myotome interacts the ankle plantar flexors (gastric-soleus complex)
S1
what are risk factors for a herniated nucleus pulposus
smoking
weight bearing sports
repetitive lifting activitis
prolonged sitting/driving
what is seen in a disc herniation due to bulging annulus fibrosus (“contained herniation”)
minimal inflammatory response
what is seen in an extruded (trans-lig) or sequestered nucleus pulposus
inflammation:
mediated by IL-1, IL-8, TNF-a, PGE-2, NO
macrophages
supstance P
the pain in an extruded (trans-lig) or sequestered nucleus pulposus is due to what
sinuvertebral nerve
what is radiculitis
inflammation of nerve root to nervy inflammatory mediators (differentiate from nerve room compression)
what is the primary stabilizer of the knee
ACL
prevents anterior tibial translation
what are the symptoms of an ACL tear
popping sound
hemarthosis
knee instability
50% of ACL tears are associated with what
meniscal tear
wha is seen in the physical exam of an ACL tear
effusion
+ Lachman’s test
+anterior drawer test
what is the most sensitive test to an ACL tear
Lachman’s
what is treatment of an ACL tear
PT (hamstring strength)
ACL reconstruction for unstable knees and athletes
what is a frozen shoulder and what is it associated with
idiopathic loss of shoulder motion
associated with diabetes
what are the symptoms of frozen shoulder
early freezing then thawing over 6-24 months
pain may be associated with this
what is seen on the physical exam of a frozen shoulder
loss of 50% of active a passive ROM
painful deltoid insertion
what test results are seen in a torn ACL
X-rays negative
MRI positive
what are the treatments for frozen shoulder
NSAIDS, injections, ROM with PT
arthroscopic lysis of adhesions and MUA
what are the test results seen in frozen shoulder
X-rays are negative
