Dougherty Part 3 Flashcards
what are the most common benign tumors of the bone
osteochondroma
fibrous cortical defect
what is the most common malignant tumor of bone
osteosarcoma
are benign or malignant tumors of bone more common
benign
if a child has a bone tumor it is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)
benign
a bone tumor in the elderly is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)
malignant
what hereditary associations are there with bone tumors
li fraumeni syndrome (p53 mutation) hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb mutation)
what non hereditary associations are there with bone tumors
paget disease
metal prosthesis
chronic osteomyelitis
infarcts
what bone tumors are found at metaphysis
osteoid osteoma osteochondroma osteosarcoma chondroma fibrous dysplasia fibrous cortical defect ABC
what bone tumors are found at epiphysis
clear cell chondrosarcoma
chondroblastoma
what bone tumors are found at the diaphysis
ewing sarcoma
fibrous dysplasia
what bone tumors are found at the epiphysis/metaphysis
giant cell tumor
aneurysmal bone cyst
what is seen in gardner syndrome
multiple osteomas
intestinal polyps
epidermal cysts
fibromatosis
where are osteomas found in the bone and what sites are they common in
subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface
common in sinuses skull and face
how do osteomas present how
bosselated, round, oval or sessile
what type of bone is affected osteomas
woven and lamellar bone +/- marrow
what bones are osteoid osteomas normally found in
femur/tibia
humerus/hands/feet
what bones are osteoblastomas normally found in
vertebrae posterior
how big are osteoid osteomas normally
less than 2cm
how big are osteoblastomas normally
greater than 2cm
do ASA/NSAIDs provide relief for osteoid osteomas and/or osteoblastoma
works for osteoid osteoma
does not work for osteoblastoma
how do you treat osteoid osteoma
radiation
how doe you treat osteoblastoma
excision/curretage
what ages do oseotid esteems and osteoblastomas present in
20’s
what type of pain is associated with osteoid osteoma
intense at night
what type of pain is associated with osteoblastoma
dull ache
what is seen on an x-ray of osteoid osteoma
small round central lucent area in the bone cortex surrounded by sclerotic bone
may see nidus
what is seen on an x-ray of osteoblastoma
radiolucent posterior vertebra
what is the most common nonhematopoetic malignant primary bone tumor
osteosarcoma
what ages are associated with osteosarcoma
bimodal:
75% less than 20 years old (50% in knee)
elderly (associated with Paget’s disease, flat and long bones, bone infarction, prior irradiation, metal prosthesis)
what is the most common location of an osteosarcoma
primary, solitary, long bone (KNEE)
metaphysis medulla
what type of bone tumor is destructive with mixed lytic and blastic
osteosarcoma
what is Codman triangle and when would one see it
tumor breaks through cortex and lifts periosteum
seen in osteosarcoma
what is seen in osteosarcoma
painful enlarging mass grey-white with hemorrhage, necrosis destroy adjacent bone and soft tissue rare to breach epiphyseal plate or joint may have chondroid element
where do osteosarcomas metastasis to
lungs, bones, brain
if tumor is growing out of both sides of the bone what should be suspected
osteosarcoma
when does one see a mushroom-shaped cartilage- cap
osteochondroma
where does one normally find osteochondroma
metaphysis
near growth plate of long tubular bones
especially the knee
marrow and cortex continuity
what is multiple hereditary exostosis
hereditary osteochrondroma
autosomal dominant (“double hit”)
EXT1 or EXT2 gene
what is seen in osteochondroma
slow growing mass
pain if impinges on nerve or fracture
stop growing with closure of growth plate
rare risk of chondrosarcoma (increased risk if multiple hereditary exocytosis
what is an autosomal dominant (“double hit”) disorder caused by EXT1 or EXT2 gene
multiple hereditary exostosis (osteochondroma)
what is a chondroma and what types are there
benign hyaline cartilage tumors
types: enchondroma and subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)
what ages does one see chondromas
20-50
what is enchondroma
chondroma of medullary cavity
solitary in metaphysics of tubular bones
where are enchondromas most commonly found
hands and feet
what is the most common intraosseous cartilage tumor
enchondroma
what is a subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)
chondroma of the surface of the bone
how do enchondromas present
less than 3cm grey-blue
nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification
enchondroma has increased risk for sarcoma transformation when?
enchondromatosis (Oillier Disease)
Maffucci Syndrome
what is maffucci syndrome
enchondromas with hemangiomas
what common bone tumor of the phalynx
enchondroma
chondroblastoma is most common where
epiphyses of knee
what population is chondroblastoma common
teenages
what is the neoplastic cell in chondroblastoma
chondroblasts
what is seen on an x-ray of chondroblastoma
well-demarcated lucency
