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Bone > Dougherty Part 3 > Flashcards

Dougherty Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common benign tumors of the bone

A

osteochondroma

fibrous cortical defect

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2
Q

what is the most common malignant tumor of bone

A

osteosarcoma

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3
Q

are benign or malignant tumors of bone more common

A

benign

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4
Q

if a child has a bone tumor it is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)

A

benign

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5
Q

a bone tumor in the elderly is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)

A

malignant

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6
Q

what hereditary associations are there with bone tumors

A 
li fraumeni syndrome (p53 mutation)
hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb mutation)
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7
Q

what non hereditary associations are there with bone tumors

A

paget disease
metal prosthesis
chronic osteomyelitis
infarcts

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8
Q

what bone tumors are found at metaphysis

A 
osteoid osteoma
osteochondroma
osteosarcoma
chondroma
fibrous dysplasia
fibrous cortical defect
ABC
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9
Q

what bone tumors are found at epiphysis

A

clear cell chondrosarcoma

chondroblastoma

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10
Q

what bone tumors are found at the diaphysis

A

ewing sarcoma

fibrous dysplasia

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11
Q

what bone tumors are found at the epiphysis/metaphysis

A

giant cell tumor

aneurysmal bone cyst

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12
Q

what is seen in gardner syndrome

A

multiple osteomas
intestinal polyps
epidermal cysts
fibromatosis

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13
Q

where are osteomas found in the bone and what sites are they common in

A

subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface

common in sinuses skull and face

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14
Q

how do osteomas present how

A

bosselated, round, oval or sessile

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15
Q

what type of bone is affected osteomas

A

woven and lamellar bone +/- marrow

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16
Q

what bones are osteoid osteomas normally found in

A

femur/tibia

humerus/hands/feet

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17
Q

what bones are osteoblastomas normally found in

A

vertebrae posterior

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18
Q

how big are osteoid osteomas normally

A

less than 2cm

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19
Q

how big are osteoblastomas normally

A

greater than 2cm

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20
Q

do ASA/NSAIDs provide relief for osteoid osteomas and/or osteoblastoma

A

works for osteoid osteoma

does not work for osteoblastoma

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21
Q

how do you treat osteoid osteoma

A

radiation

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22
Q

how doe you treat osteoblastoma

A

excision/curretage

23
Q

what ages do oseotid esteems and osteoblastomas present in

A

20’s

24
Q

what type of pain is associated with osteoid osteoma

A

intense at night

25
Q

what type of pain is associated with osteoblastoma

A

dull ache

26
Q

what is seen on an x-ray of osteoid osteoma

A

small round central lucent area in the bone cortex surrounded by sclerotic bone
may see nidus

27
Q

what is seen on an x-ray of osteoblastoma

A

radiolucent posterior vertebra

28
Q

what is the most common nonhematopoetic malignant primary bone tumor

A

osteosarcoma

29
Q

what ages are associated with osteosarcoma

A

bimodal:
75% less than 20 years old (50% in knee)
elderly (associated with Paget’s disease, flat and long bones, bone infarction, prior irradiation, metal prosthesis)

30
Q

what is the most common location of an osteosarcoma

A

primary, solitary, long bone (KNEE)

metaphysis medulla

31
Q

what type of bone tumor is destructive with mixed lytic and blastic

A

osteosarcoma

32
Q

what is Codman triangle and when would one see it

A

tumor breaks through cortex and lifts periosteum

seen in osteosarcoma

33
Q

what is seen in osteosarcoma

A 
painful enlarging mass
grey-white with hemorrhage, necrosis
destroy adjacent bone and soft tissue
rare to breach epiphyseal plate or joint
may have chondroid element
34
Q

where do osteosarcomas metastasis to

A

lungs, bones, brain

35
Q

if tumor is growing out of both sides of the bone what should be suspected

A

osteosarcoma

36
Q

when does one see a mushroom-shaped cartilage- cap

A

osteochondroma

37
Q

where does one normally find osteochondroma

A

metaphysis
near growth plate of long tubular bones
especially the knee
marrow and cortex continuity

38
Q

what is multiple hereditary exostosis

A

hereditary osteochrondroma
autosomal dominant (“double hit”)
EXT1 or EXT2 gene

39
Q

what is seen in osteochondroma

A

slow growing mass
pain if impinges on nerve or fracture
stop growing with closure of growth plate
rare risk of chondrosarcoma (increased risk if multiple hereditary exocytosis

40
Q

what is an autosomal dominant (“double hit”) disorder caused by EXT1 or EXT2 gene

A

multiple hereditary exostosis (osteochondroma)

41
Q

what is a chondroma and what types are there

A

benign hyaline cartilage tumors

types: enchondroma and subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)

42
Q

what ages does one see chondromas

A

20-50

43
Q

what is enchondroma

A

chondroma of medullary cavity

solitary in metaphysics of tubular bones

44
Q

where are enchondromas most commonly found

A

hands and feet

45
Q

what is the most common intraosseous cartilage tumor

A

enchondroma

46
Q

what is a subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)

A

chondroma of the surface of the bone

47
Q

how do enchondromas present

A

less than 3cm grey-blue

nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification

48
Q

enchondroma has increased risk for sarcoma transformation when?

A

enchondromatosis (Oillier Disease)

Maffucci Syndrome

49
Q

what is maffucci syndrome

A

enchondromas with hemangiomas

50
Q

what common bone tumor of the phalynx

A

enchondroma

51
Q

chondroblastoma is most common where

A

epiphyses of knee

52
Q

what population is chondroblastoma common

A

teenages

53
Q

what is the neoplastic cell in chondroblastoma

A

chondroblasts

54
Q

what is seen on an x-ray of chondroblastoma

A

well-demarcated lucency

Bone (19 decks)

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