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Bone > Cheung Part 2 > Flashcards

Cheung Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common form of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

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2
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

progressive, irreversible condition involving loss of articular cartilage, causing pain and deformity

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3
Q

what joints are involved in osteomyelitis

A

weight bearing joints mainly

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4
Q

osteoarthritis is associated with what

A

age
obesity
trauma
mechanical wear and tear

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of osteoarthritis

A

stiffness, pain, deformity

worse at end of day, in the groin for hip OA

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6
Q

what are Heberden’s nodes

A

osteoarthritis nodes at the DIP

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7
Q

what are Bouchard’s nodes

A

osteoarthritis nodes at the PIP

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8
Q

what are characteristic of the nodes in osteoarthritis

A

painful

decreased range of motion

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9
Q

what is seen on the x-ray of osteoarthritis

A

loss of joint space
sclerosis (extra white bone seen where bones touch in image)
subchondral cysts
osteophytes

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10
Q

how is osteoarthritis treated

A 
weight loss
PT
bracing
gucosamine/chondroitin
NSAIDS
cymbalta
steroid injection
viscosupplementaiton
arthroscopic debridement
joint replacement
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11
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic autoimmune disorder with inflammatory synovitis that destroys cartilage
symmetrical distribution of joints

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12
Q

what are the criteria for rheumatoid arthritis

A 
4 of the following:
morning stiffness for 1 hours
arthritis of 3+ joints for 6 weeks
systemic arthritis for 6 weeks
rheumatoid nodules
\+RF factor 
radiographic changes
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13
Q

what is seen in rheumatoid arthritis

A 
malaise
fatigue
tenosynovitis
CTS
vasculitis
keratoconjucitivitis sicca
pulmonary nodules
inflammatory pericarditis
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14
Q

what tests results are seen in rheumaotid arthritis

A

RF (IgM antibodies to Fc protion of IgG)
HLA-DR4
ESR and CRP elevated

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15
Q

what is seen on X-ray of rheumatoid arthritis

A

bony erosion
joint space loss
(C1 and C2 instability)

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16
Q

what physical exam results are seen in rheumaotid arthritis

A

joint contractures, effusions, deformity
ulnar decimation of hand
PIP and MCP nodules and inflammation
bogginess of the joints

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17
Q

how is rheumatoid arthritis treated

A

NSAIS
steroids
DMARDs (hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, gold, Embrel)
surgery

18
Q

what is septic arthritis and who is it most common in?

A

infection in the joint

most common in kids from hematogenous spread

19
Q

in septic arthritis what occurs in about 8-12 hours?

A

metalloproteases cause permanent destruction

20
Q

pain with ROM of joint is seen in what

A

septic arthritis

21
Q

what are the symptoms of septic arthritis

A

acute illness
fever
tachycardia
PAIN WITH ROM OF JOINT

22
Q

what is seen in the physical exam of septic arthritis

A

slight flex to joint

passive ROM is very painful

23
Q

what lab results are seen in septic arthritis

A 
Joint Aspirate = more than 50,000WBC/mm^3
elevated or normal WBC
elevated ESR, CRP
blood culture
xray normal in cure setting
24
Q

what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in neonates is

A

staph aureus
group b strep
(H. flu according to dougherty)

25
Q

what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in children under 5

A

staph a
group A strep
h. flu
step pneumo

26
Q

what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in kids from 5 to teens

A

staph A

27
Q

what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in adolescents

A

gonorrheoeae

28
Q

what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in adults

A

staph A

29
Q

what can cause chronic septic arthritis

A

TB or lyme

30
Q

how is septic arthritis treated

A

orthopeadic emergency:
surgical washout
antibiotics

31
Q

where is ankylosing spondylitis typically found

A

FI joints
Spine
stiff joints

32
Q

what is seen in ankylosing spondylitis

A 
HLA B27+
RF-
Uveitis
carditis
enthesitis
33
Q

Reiter disease occurs after what

A

urethritis
cervicitis
dysentery

34
Q

what is Reiter disease

A

reactive arthritis 2-8 weeks after infection
enthesitis, dactilitis, sacroiliitis, conjutivitits
chronic recurrent arthritis

35
Q

what is seen in psoriatic arthritis

A

nail disorders

iritis

36
Q

10-20% of people with IBD (more so with crohns) have what

A

seronegative spondylitis

37
Q

the seronegative spondylitis associated with IBD and crohns is found where

A

HLA-B27

sacroiliitis, sponylitis, and arthritis of the knee and ankle

38
Q

what symptoms are associate with the seronegative spondyloarthropathies

A

back pain

morning stiffness

39
Q

what exam results are seen in seronegative spondyloarthropathies

A

FABER (flexion, abduction, external rotation) tests SI joint

Enthesitis

40
Q

what is the treatment for seronegative spondyloarthropatheis

A

NSAIDS, MTX

surgery

Bone (19 decks)

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