Dosage forms of drugs Flashcards
any preparation with one more substances dissolved in liquid solvent.
solutions
example of solutions
topical, parental and opthalmic solution
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract
tinctures
example of tinctures
tincture of iodine
are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle.
suspension
can be solutions, suspension, or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye
lotions
an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. much benefit is derived from massage during application
liniments
an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. much benefit is derived from massage during application
liniments
are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties.
paints
preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.
dips
suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally
drenches
example of drenches
phenothiazine drench
dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent
emulsions
example of emulsion
soaps, cholesterol egg yolk
solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or otic administration
drops
are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is force out with a propellant mixture of gases
sprays
usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential
intra mammary injections
are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions
cream
sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral administration by various routes. Advantages provide shorter onset of action, provide better control of the patient, provide a means of administration of rapidly biotrasformed drug ( epinephrine ) or poorly soluble drugs ( streptomycin ) in the GIT.
injections
are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.
syrups
are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons
ointments
a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the following: drugs, heat, and moisture
poultices (cataplasms)
are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)
suppositories
mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.
powders
are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.
tablets
are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.
boluses
are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs. Most convenient form for oral administration.
capsules
meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone implants.
implants
sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.
granules
a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients.
premix
compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in cardboard box.
medicated block
