Dosage Forms Flashcards
List the main 5 delivery routes of drugs…
- Oral
- Rectal and Vaginal
- Topical and transdermal
- Parenteral
- Pulmonary
Oral dosage forms…
Tablets
Capsules
Powders and granules
Solutions
Suspensions
Emulsions
Rectal and Vaginal dosage forms…
Suppositories
Enemas
Foams
Pessories
Topical and Transdermal dosage forms…
Creams
Ointments
Gels
Patches
Parenteral dosage forms…
Injections
Infusions
Pulmonary drug delivery systems…
Inhalers
Nebuliser
Electronic cigarettes
What are disperse systems?
One phase is distributed throughout a second phase.
Two immiscible phases in contact
What are colloids?
A two phase system of matter a type of mixture intermediate between homogeneous mixtures and heterogenous mixtures
<1micrometer
What are the two physical types of colloids?
Phase colloid
Molecular colloid
What are phase colloids?
Small droplets of particles of one substance are suspended in another.
What are molecular colloids?
Macromolecules are dispersed in a continuous phase.
What is the Tyndall effect of colloids?
Light beam is visible (scatter light)
What is the Brownian motion effect of colloids.
Colloid particles are suspended
Liquid molecules in mixture
What is the adsorption agent of colloids?
Reversible
Chemical is associated to the surface
What are the dialysis properties of colloids?
Unequal rates of diffusion
Separation of suspended colloid particles
Semi Permeable membrane
What are the electrophoresis properties of colloids?
Migration of charged particles
Surface dependant
Negative to positive
What are the thixotropy properties of colloids?
Becomes fluid with agitation
Change orientation as a different use
Types of colloids
Lyophobic= solvent hating
Lyophilic= solvent liking
What is a sol?
A colloidal suspension of small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium
What is a gel?
A colloidal suspension in which the liquid medium has become viscous enough to behave more or less like a solid.
What are difference between a two phase system and one phase system of gels?
Two phase:
Lyophobic
Opaque
Form a 3D sponge like network
Flocculated small particles
Network for elongated molecules
One phase:
Lyophilic
Clear
Range of bases from liquids to solids
Crystalline and amorphous regions held by van der walls forces
What are foams?
Gases dispersed in a liquid/solid
What do defoamers/ anti foaming agents do?
Displaces surfactants at the air-water interface
What is a suspension?
Course dispersion in which insoluble particles are dispersed within a liquid medium which is usually aqueous.
what is an emulsion?
A ‘pseudo-stable’ dispersion of at least two immiscible liquids, one of which is dispersed throughout the other in the form of fine droplets (generally oil and water) stabilised by the presence of an emulsifying agent (known as emulsifier)
