DOROTHY JOHNSON

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DOROTHY JOHNSON’S THEORY

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BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

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born on August 21, 1919 in Savannah, Georgia.

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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She received her A.A. from Armstrong Junior College in Savannah Georgia (1938)

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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Her BSN from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee (1942)

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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MPH from Harvard University in Boston (1948)

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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She was an instructor and an assistant professor in pediatric nursing at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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a professor of nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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Her publications include four books, more than 30 articles in periodicals and many papers, reports, proceedings and monographs

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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Faculty Award from graduate students

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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1977 Lulu Hassenplug Distinguished Achievement Award from the California Nurses Association

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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1981 Vanderbilt University School of Nursing Award for Excellence in Nursing

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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Died in February 1990 at 80 years of age

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DOROTHY JOHNSON

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Has two major systems

1. Biological System
2. Behavioral System

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Person

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medicine’s focus

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Biological System

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nursing’s focus

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Behavioral System

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Supports the idea that the individual is attempting to maintain some balance or equilibrium

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Health

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Relates to the environment in which the individual exists

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Environment

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Influenced by all events in the environment

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Environment

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Primary goal is to foster equilibrium within the individual, which allows for the practice with individuals at any point in the health-illness continuum

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Nursing

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• Structure
• Function
• System

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ASSUMPTIONS

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1. There is “organization, interaction, interdependency and integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to make up the system”

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FOUR ASSUMPTION OF SYSTEM

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2. A system “tends to achieve a balance among the various forces operating withing and upon it and that man strive continually to maintain a behavioral system balance and steady state by more or less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the natural forces impinging upon him”

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FOUR ASSUMPTION OF SYSTEM

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3. A behavioral system, which both requires and results in some degree of regularity and constancy in behavior is essential to man who is to say, it is functionally significant in that it serves a useful purpose, both in social life and for the individual

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FOUR ASSUMPTION OF SYSTEM

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4. “system balance reflects adjustments and adaptations that are successful in some way and to some degree”

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FOUR ASSUMPTION OF SYSTEM

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From the form the behavior takes and the consequences it achieves can be inferred what “drive” has been stimulated or what “goal” is being sought

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ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EACH SUBSYSTEM

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Each individual has a “predisposition to act with reference to the goal, in certain ways rather than the other ways” This predisposition is called a “set”

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ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EACH SUBSYSTEM

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Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices or “scope of action” the fourth assumption is that it produces “observable outcome” that is the individual’s behavior

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ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF EACH SUBSYSTEM

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System must be “protected” from noxious influences with which system cannot cope”

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three functional requirements of each subsite

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Each subsystem must be “nurtured” through the input of appropriate supplies from the environment

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three functional requirements of each subsite

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Each subsystem must be “stimulated” for use to enhance growth and prevent stagnation

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three functional requirements of each subsite

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These behaviors are “orderly, purposeful and predictable and sufficiently stable and recurrent to be amenable to description and explanation”

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three functional requirements of each subsite

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social inclusion intimacy and the formation and attachment of a strong social bond

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Attachment or affiliative subsystem

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approval, attention or recognition and physical assistance

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Dependency subsystem

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the emphasis is on the meaning and structures of the social events surrounding the occasion when the food is eaten

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Ingestive subsystem

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human culture have defined different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste but the existence of such a pattern remains different from culture to culture

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Eliminative subsystem

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both biological and social factor affect the behavior in the sexual subsystem

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Sexual subsystem

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it relates to the behaviors concerned with protection and self-prevention Johnson vies aggressive subsystem as one that generates a defensive response from the individual when life or territory is being threatened

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Aggressive subsystem

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provokes behavior that attempt to control the environment intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical and social skills achievement are some of the areas that Johnson recognizes

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Achievement subsystem

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according to her, “each individual has patterned, pusposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral system specific to that individual”

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Dorothy Johnson

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goal is to maintain and restore the person’s behavioral system balance and stability or to help the person achieve a more optimum level of balance and functioning

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Nursing

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An external force acting to preserve the organization and integration of the patient’s behavior to an optimal level

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Nursing

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An art and a science, nursing supplies external assistance both before and during system balance and therefore quires knowledge of order, disorder and control

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Nursing

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activities do not depend on medical authority, but they are complementary to medicine

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Nursing

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A behavioral system with patterned, repetitive and purposeful ways of behaving that link the person with the environment

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Person

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Balance is essential for effective and efficient functioning of the person

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Person

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Perceived health as an elusive, dynamic state influenced by biological, psychological and social factors

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Health

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Reflected by the organization, interaction, interdependence of the subsystems of the behavioral system

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Health

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An individual attempts to achieve a balance in this system, which will lead to functional behavior

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Health

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A lack of balance in the structural or functional requirements of the subsystems leads to poor health

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Health

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In Johnson’s theory, the environment consists of all the factors that are not part of the individual’s behavioral system, but that influence the system

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Environment

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The nurse may manipulate some aspects of the environment so the goal of health or behavioral system balance can be achieved for the patient

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Environment

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The environment is also the source of the sustenal imperatives of protection, nurturance and stimulation that are necessary pre requisites to maintaining health (behavioral system balance)

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Environment