BETTY NEUMAN Flashcards
Born in 1924 on a farm near Lowell, Ohio
Betty Neuman 1924 – Present
Earned Nursing Diploma – People’s Hospital of Nursing
Betty Neuman 1924 – Present
Bachelor’s Degree – UCLA (University of California)
Betty Neuman 1924 – Present
Earned Master’s Degree in Mental Health & Public Health Consultation – UCLA
Betty Neuman in 1966
Worked as hospital staff nurse, head nurse, industrial nurse, nursing instructor
Betty Neuman 1924 – Present
provides a comprehensive holistic and system-based approach to nursing that contains an element of flexibility.
Systems Model
focuses on the response of the patient system to actual or potential environmental stressors and the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention intervention for retention, attainment, and maintenance of patient system wellness.
System Model
Continuum of wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature and is constantly subject to change
HEALTH
the stability that indicates the total system needs are being met.
Optimal Wellness
the result of unmet system needs
Reduced state of wellness
internal, external and created force that interacts with a person’s state of health
ENVIRONMENT
• Relationship between person and environment is reciprocal
ENVIRONMENT
tensions that produce alterations in the normal flow of the environment
Stressors (environment)
Intrapersonal
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
All interaction contained within the client – psycho spiritual being
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Dynamic (constant change)
CREATED ENVIRONMENT
Unconsciously developed
CREATED ENVIRONMENT
Used to support protective coping
CREATED ENVIRONMENT
Helps client cope with stressors
CREATED ENVIRONMENT
physiological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual
Client variables
acts in coordination with the normal wellness state to achieve stability of the system
Normal line of defense
The client can still manage the problems
Normal line of defense
A protective mechanism that attempts to stabilize the client system and foster a return to the usual wellness
Normal line of defense
act when normal line of defense is invaded by too much stressors that led to alterations in health
Line of resistance
serves as a boundary for normal line of defense
Flexible line of defense
It protects the range of normal defense from becoming invaded by stressors
Flexible line of defense
Prevents stressor invasion of the client system
Flexible line of defense
forces that produce tensions, alterations or potential problems causing instability within the client’s system
Stressors
they identify stressors and use appropriate actions to address problem
Nurse
outcome or produce results of certain stressors
Reaction
Maybe positive or negative depending on the degree of reactions the client produces to adjust and adapt with the situations
Reaction
set towards stability or wellness
Negentropy/entropy
set towards disorganization of the system producing illness
Egentropy
Central Core or core structure consists of basic survival factors, genetic structure, response, pattern, strength/weakness, ego structure
PERSON
Interpersonal, intrapersonal, extrapersonal (stressors)
ENVIRONMENT
harmony, stability, wellness, balance
HEALTH
carried out when a stressor is suspected or identified
Primary Prevention
Reaction has not occurred, degree of risk is known
Primary Prevention
How to prevent primary disease before it has been occurred
Primary Prevention
Example: vaccination for COVID 19, maintaining a distance and handwashing
Primary Prevention
involves interventions or treatment initiated after symptoms from stress have occurred
Secondary Prevention
occurs after the active treatment or secondary prevention stage
Tertiary Prevention
focus on readjustment toward optimal client system stability
Tertiary Prevention
admitting into the hospital
Tertiary Prevention
admitting into the hospital
Tertiary Prevention
It is the determined energy increase related to the degree of reaction of a stressor, and represents the return and maintenance of system ability following treatment for stressor reactions
RECONSTITUTION
