DNA Transcription And Translation Flashcards
What is the genetic code for transcription?
Triplets
What is the genetic code for translation?
Codons
What is the output of transcription?
mRNA
What is the output of translation?
Polypeptides
Location of transcription
Nucleus
Location of translation
Ribosomes/cytoplasm
Molecules used in transcription
RNA polymerase and RNA nucleotides
Molecules used for translation
tRNA
Ribosomes
Amino acids
mRNA
Which strand antisense or sense strand of DNA is transcribed?
Antisense strand
Sense strand
Coding strand of DNA
At what nitrogen bases does transcription begin?
TATA box
What is tRNA activated by?
tRNA activating enzyme- uses ATP
What are the main components of ribosomes?
Small subunit
mRNA binding site
Two tRNA binding sites
Large subunit
Polysomes
Makes protein synthesis more efficient
What are the steps of translation?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Translocation
Translation
1. Initiation
Ribosome binds with mRNA; start codon; first tRNA molecules Are brought in
Translation
2. Elongation
Peptide bond is formed between amino acids; polypeptides made
Translation
3.translocation
Ribosome releases tRNA and moves along mRNA to the next codon; this elongates the polypeptide further
Translation
4. Termination
Stop codon reached; polypeptide is released; ribosome picks up new mRNA strand
Exocytosis
Proteins produced in bound ribosomes (rough ER) are for export out of cell
