12.1-12.10 Reading Quiz Flashcards
DNA technology
Modern laboratory techniques for studying and manipulating genetic material; commonly associated with biotechnology
Biotechnology
The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products
Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum
American geneticists; did work with E. Chili that pioneered bacterial genetics
Recombinant DNA
Formed when scientists combine nucleotide sequences from two different sources to form a single DNA molecule
Genetic engineering
The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
Plasmids
Small, circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the much larger bacterial chromosome
Gene cloning
The production of multiple identical copies of a gene carrying piece of DNA
Restriction enzymes
The cutting tools that are bacterial enzymes
What allows the DNA to stick together when cutting and pasting?
Complementary ends on the fragments
How is the bond between cut and pasted DNA fragments made permanent?
By “pasting” the enzyme DNA ligase
Genomic library
The entire collection of all the cloned DNA fragments from a genome
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
Represents only the subset of genes that had been transcribed into mRNA in the starting cells
Why is cDNA used?
Lack introns; shorter than the full versions of DNA; easier to work with
Nucleic acid probe
A labeled complementary molecule that is used to find a specific gene or other nucleotide sequence within a mass of DNA
