DNA to RNA Flashcards
Pathway from DNA to protein
DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Protein
Genes can be expressed with different efficiencies/ amounts (T or F)
True
Structure used in RNA
ribose
Structure used in DNA
deoxyribose
Nucleobase used in RNA to replace thymine (T)
uracil (U)
RNA can fold into specific structure (T or F)
True
DNA transcription produces a double-stranded RNA complimentary to one strand of DNA (T or F)
False, a single-stranded RNA is produced
DNA polymerase transcribes/ unwinds DNA (T or F)
False, RNA polymerase
messenger RNA, code for proteins
mRNA
ribosomal RNA, form structure of ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis
rRNA
transfer RNA, adaptors between mRNA and AAs
tRNA
small nuclear RNA, function to splicing of the pre-mRNA
snRNA
small nucleolar RNA, process and modify rRNAs
snoRNA
Transcription factors requires for RNA polymerase II
TFIIB, TFIID
What binds to the TATA box?
TATA-binding protein (TBP)
Transcription Initiation (3 Steps)
- Activator protein binds to distanced enhancer to attract RNA polymerase
- DNA strand bends over and binds to Mediator
- TATA box binds to the promotor (whole)
Superhelical tension in DNA causes DNA supercoiling (T or F)
True
Why is the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA different?
Prokaryotic mRNA make different types of proteins while eukaryotic make one
RNA factory
RNA polymerase II
Every molecule of RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is capped at the 5’ end (T or F)
True
Eukaryotic genes only have introns (T or F)
False, both introns and exons
In eukaryotes, RNA is spliced after transcription (T or F)
True
Alternative splicing schemes allow for what?
Producing different proteins from the same DNA sequence
Why is the 3’ end of the eukaryotic mRNA processed?
So, poly-adenine structure with binding proteins is formed
mRNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore core (T or F)
True
What and where are rRNA precursors processed into?
Ribosomes in the nucleolus
