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Cell Bio for Engineers > DNA to RNA > Flashcards

DNA to RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathway from DNA to protein

A

DNA -> Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Protein

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2
Q

Genes can be expressed with different efficiencies/ amounts (T or F)

A

True

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3
Q

Structure used in RNA

A

ribose

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4
Q

Structure used in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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5
Q

Nucleobase used in RNA to replace thymine (T)

A

uracil (U)

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6
Q

RNA can fold into specific structure (T or F)

A

True

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7
Q

DNA transcription produces a double-stranded RNA complimentary to one strand of DNA (T or F)

A

False, a single-stranded RNA is produced

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8
Q

DNA polymerase transcribes/ unwinds DNA (T or F)

A

False, RNA polymerase

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9
Q

messenger RNA, code for proteins

A

mRNA

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10
Q

ribosomal RNA, form structure of ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

A

rRNA

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11
Q

transfer RNA, adaptors between mRNA and AAs

A

tRNA

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12
Q

small nuclear RNA, function to splicing of the pre-mRNA

A

snRNA

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13
Q

small nucleolar RNA, process and modify rRNAs

A

snoRNA

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14
Q

Transcription factors requires for RNA polymerase II

A

TFIIB, TFIID

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15
Q

What binds to the TATA box?

A

TATA-binding protein (TBP)

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16
Q

Transcription Initiation (3 Steps)

A
  1. Activator protein binds to distanced enhancer to attract RNA polymerase
  2. DNA strand bends over and binds to Mediator
  3. TATA box binds to the promotor (whole)
17
Q

Superhelical tension in DNA causes DNA supercoiling (T or F)

A

True

18
Q

Why is the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA different?

A

Prokaryotic mRNA make different types of proteins while eukaryotic make one

19
Q

RNA factory

A

RNA polymerase II

20
Q

Every molecule of RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is capped at the 5’ end (T or F)

A

True

21
Q

Eukaryotic genes only have introns (T or F)

A

False, both introns and exons

22
Q

In eukaryotes, RNA is spliced after transcription (T or F)

A

True

23
Q

Alternative splicing schemes allow for what?

A

Producing different proteins from the same DNA sequence

24
Q

Why is the 3’ end of the eukaryotic mRNA processed?

A

So, poly-adenine structure with binding proteins is formed

25
Q

mRNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore core (T or F)

A

True

26
Q

What and where are rRNA precursors processed into?

A

Ribosomes in the nucleolus

Cell Bio for Engineers (9 decks)

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