Bioenergetics

Question 1

3 Stages of Cellular Metabolism

Answer 1

1. Digestion
2. Glycolysis
3. Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle

Question 2

break down of proteins, lipids, and sugars into small molecules

Answer 2

digestion

Question 3

Where does stage 1 of cellular metabolism start and finish?

Answer 3

Digestive track -> Lysosome

Question 4

a major glucose degradation reaction

Answer 4

glycolysis

Question 5

Location of glycolysis

Answer 5

cytosol

Question 6

Glycolysis Products and Results

Answer 6

Glucose + 2 ATP -> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 4 ATP

Question 7

Sugars are oxidized stepwise to CO2 and water (T or F)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Location of Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle Products and Results

Answer 9

Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> 3 NADH + GTP + FADH2 + 2 CO2

Question 10

Location of Fatty Acid Oxidation Cycle

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

Fatty Acid Oxidation Cycle Products and Results

Answer 11

Fat -> Acetyl CoA + NADH + FADH2

Question 12

Why are by-products of glycolysis important?

Answer 12

They are used to synthesize many important organic molecules

Question 13

All cells need to maintain a low ATP/ ADP ratio (T or F)

Answer 13

False, high ratio

Question 14

Where do cells store energy? (3)

Answer 14

1. FAs as fat cells (animals)
2. Sugars as starch (plant chloroplasts)
3. Glucose in glycogen (quick energy)

Question 15

Location of Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

completes the catabolism of food molecules and generates bulk of ATP

Answer 16

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Stages of Oxidative Phosphorylation (2)

Answer 17

1. Energy of electron transport pumps protons across membrane
2. Energy in proton gradient is harnessed by ATP to make ATP

Question 18

Acetyl CoA is produced in matrix of mitochondria from pyruvate and FAs (T or F)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Mitochondria often clusters at/ near sites of low ATP utilization (T or F)

Answer 19

False, high ATP utilization

Question 20

What does the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain proteins result in?

Answer 20

generation of proton gradient across the membrane

Question 21

What is the result of the activated carrier molecules produced during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 21

the production of ATP in the mitochondria

Question 22

Electron transport is coupled to what to generate ATP?

Answer 22

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

3 protein complexes that transfer high energy electrons into inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 23

1. NADH dehydrogenase
2. Cytochrome reductase
3. Cytochrome oxidase

Question 24

converts the chemical PE of the proton gradient to chemical PE in the phosphate bond of ATP

Answer 24

ATP Synthase

Question 25

ATP Synthase Location

Answer 25

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 26

ATP Synthase is a reversible motor, running in two directions (T or F)

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the electrochemical proton gradient used to do?

Answer 27

drive some coupled transport processes