Bioenergetics Flashcards
3 Stages of Cellular Metabolism
- Digestion
- Glycolysis
- Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle
break down of proteins, lipids, and sugars into small molecules
digestion
Where does stage 1 of cellular metabolism start and finish?
Digestive track -> Lysosome
a major glucose degradation reaction
glycolysis
Location of glycolysis
cytosol
Glycolysis Products and Results
Glucose + 2 ATP -> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 4 ATP
Sugars are oxidized stepwise to CO2 and water (T or F)
True
Location of Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle
mitochondria
Acetyl CoA/ Citric Acid Cycle Products and Results
Pyruvate -> Acetyl CoA -> 3 NADH + GTP + FADH2 + 2 CO2
Location of Fatty Acid Oxidation Cycle
mitochondria
Fatty Acid Oxidation Cycle Products and Results
Fat -> Acetyl CoA + NADH + FADH2
Why are by-products of glycolysis important?
They are used to synthesize many important organic molecules
All cells need to maintain a low ATP/ ADP ratio (T or F)
False, high ratio
Where do cells store energy? (3)
- FAs as fat cells (animals)
- Sugars as starch (plant chloroplasts)
- Glucose in glycogen (quick energy)
Location of Oxidative Phosphorylation
mitochondria
completes the catabolism of food molecules and generates bulk of ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
Stages of Oxidative Phosphorylation (2)
- Energy of electron transport pumps protons across membrane
- Energy in proton gradient is harnessed by ATP to make ATP
Acetyl CoA is produced in matrix of mitochondria from pyruvate and FAs (T or F)
True
Mitochondria often clusters at/ near sites of low ATP utilization (T or F)
False, high ATP utilization
What does the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain proteins result in?
generation of proton gradient across the membrane
What is the result of the activated carrier molecules produced during the citric acid cycle?
the production of ATP in the mitochondria
Electron transport is coupled to what to generate ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation
3 protein complexes that transfer high energy electrons into inner mitochondrial membrane
- NADH dehydrogenase
- Cytochrome reductase
- Cytochrome oxidase
converts the chemical PE of the proton gradient to chemical PE in the phosphate bond of ATP
ATP Synthase
ATP Synthase Location
inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP Synthase is a reversible motor, running in two directions (T or F)
True
What is the electrochemical proton gradient used to do?
drive some coupled transport processes
