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Cell Bio for Engineers > Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 Steps of Cell Cycle

A
  1. Cell Growth/ Chromosome Duplication
  2. Chromosome Segregation
  3. Cell Division
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2
Q

cells reproduce by duplicating their contents and dividing in two

A

cell cycle

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3
Q

4 Phases of Cell Cycle

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
  4. M
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4
Q

What happens during G1 and G2 (interphase) phases?

A

cell continues to grow while being monitored

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5
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

cell replicates its DNA (synthesis)

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6
Q

What 2 things happen during the M phase?

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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7
Q

when the nucleus divides

A

mitosis

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8
Q

when the cell splits into two/ cytoplasm divides

A

cytokinesis

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9
Q

A number of checkpoints are accomplished in order to move to next phase of the cell cycle. (T or F)

A

True

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10
Q

Progression through the cell cycle depends on what?

A

cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks)

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11
Q

The amount of cyclins stay constant throughout the cell cycle. (T or F)

A

False, the abundance varies to regulate activity of Cdks

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12
Q

Distinct Cdks associate with different cyclins to trigger the different events of the cell cycle. (T or F)

A

True

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13
Q

Link the 4 cyclin-Cdk complexes to the cyclin

A

G1-Cdk : cyclin D
G1/S-Cdk : cyclin E
S-Cdk : cyclin A
M-Cdk : cyclin B

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14
Q

Some Cdk activity is regulated by cyclin degradation. (T or F)

A

True

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15
Q

For S-Cdk to be active, inhibitory phosphates must be removed. (T or F)

A

False, for M-Cdk

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16
Q

The activity of a Cdk can be blocked by the binding of a Cdk inhibitor. (T or F)

A

True

17
Q

Inhibition of activating phosphatase blocks entry to which phase?

A

mitosis

18
Q

Inhibition of APC activation delays exits from which phase?

A

mitosis

19
Q

Cdk inhibitors block entry to which phase?

A

S phase

20
Q

DNA damage can arrest the cell cycle in G2 phase. (T or F)

A

False, G1 phase

21
Q

Describe 2 Steps of the Initiation of DNA Replication

A
  1. In G1, Cdc6 binds to ORC loading a pair of DNA helicases to form a pre-replicative complex.
  2. In S phase, S-Cdk triggers replicative complex to start DNA synthesis at replication fork.
22
Q

At mitosis, activated M-Cdk indirectly activates more M-Cdk, creating a negative feedback loop. (T or F)

A

False, a positive feedback loop

23
Q

5 Steps of Mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
24
Q

What happens during interphase? (3)

A

-cell increases in size
-DNA of chromosomes replicated
-centrosome duplicated

25
Q

What happens during prophase? (2)

A

-duplicated chromosomes condense
-mitotic spindle assembles between two centrosomes

26
Q

Chromosomes in prophase consist of two sister chromatids. (T or F)

A

True

27
Q

What happens during prometaphase? (2)

A

-breakdown of nuclear envelope
-chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and undergo movement

28
Q

What happens during metaphase? (2)

A

-chromosomes align at equator of spindle
-each sister chromatid attaches to opposite spindle pole

29
Q

What happens during anaphase? (1)

A

-sister chromatids separate and are pulled to spindle poles (chromosome segregation)

30
Q

What happens during telophase? (2)

A

-sets of chromosomes arrive at the poles
-new nuclear envelope reassembles forming two separate nuclei

31
Q

tie together two adjacent sister chromatids in each duplicated chromosome

A

cohesins

32
Q

help coil each sister chromatid into a smaller, more compact structure easier to segregate

A

condensins

33
Q

The cytoskeleton plays an essential role in mitosis. (T or F)

A

True

34
Q

In what two phases are centrioles replicated?

A

S and G2 phases

35
Q

Microtubules don’t move during chromosome segregation. (T or F)

A

False, they move and rearrange

36
Q

Where do microtubules attach to on the chromosomes?

A

the kinetochore

37
Q

Name the 3 classes on microtubules found in the mitotic apparatus

A
  1. Aster
  2. Kinetochore
  3. Interpolar
38
Q

What does APC trigger?

A

the separation of sister chromatids by promoting the destruction of cohesins

Cell Bio for Engineers (9 decks)

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