DNA structure and replication Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is DNA made of

A

DNA is made of small molecules called nucleotides

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3
Q

What are the three nucleuotides called

A

A Phosphate group
A Deoxyribose sugar
A Nitrogenous base

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4
Q

How are nucleotides arranged

A

Nucleotides are arranged in a spiral structure called a double helix

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5
Q

What does the sugar and phosphate make up in DNA

A

They make up the sides of the ladder

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6
Q

What do nitrogenous bases make up in DNA

A

They make up the steps of the ladder

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7
Q

What are all four Nitrogenous Bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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8
Q

How do Nitrogenous Bases pair up

A

Adenine (A) Pairs with Thymine and Cystoside (C) pairs with Guanine

A - T
C - G

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9
Q

What are the three stages of DNA replication

A

Step one : Straightening and seperation (Unzipping)

Step two : Constructing copies

Step three : Checking for mistakes (proofreading)

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10
Q

How does stage 1 of DNA replication occur

A

The double helix untwists
Enzyme separates the nitrogenous bases exposing them

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11
Q

How does stage 2 of DNA replication occur

A

Free nucleotides connect to the exposed nitrogenous bases following the pairing rules AT and CG. This forms 2 identical DNA strands

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12
Q

How does stage 3 of DNA replication occur

A

two double helixes are formed and they are both proofread by enzymes

Any mistakes are corrected

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