Chromosomes and Genes Flashcards
What are forms of DNA
Chromatin
Chromosome
What is chromatin
Chromatin is loosely packaged DNA this allows it to be easily accessed (Unravelled DNA in the nucleus)
What is the centromere
It is the centre of chromatid
What is a chromosome
A chromosome is when a cell prepares to reproduce, this eventually tightens into a package known as a chromosome
What are the two types of chromosomes
Single stranded - One copy of genetic material
Double stranded - Two copies of genetic material
What is a chromatid
An individual copy of the genetic material within a chromosome.
How many chromatids does a single strand chromosome have
It has one chromatid
How many chromatids does a double strand chromosome have
It has two chromatids
What are sister chromatids
When two chromatids join in the middle at the centromere they are referred to as sister chromatids
What are Genes
Genes are a small section of GNA
What makes a gene unique
The different order in which the nitrogenous bases are arranged within is a gene are what gives an individual unique characteristics
What are homologous pairs
Homologous pairs is just two chromosomes or a pair of chromosomes
What is a karyotype
A karyotype is a pictorial representation of all the chromosomes in a cell. It shows chromosomes in homologous pairs
What are autosomes chromosomes
They are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes and determine the general characteristics and function of an organism
What are the last two chromosomes
The last two chromosomes are called sex chromosomes and determine the gender of an individual
