DNA/Protien Synthesis Flashcards
Double helix
a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.
Nucleotide
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Deoxyribose
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
Base-pair rules
The rule stating that in dna, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine add in rna, adenine pairs with uracil.
DNA replication
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
Replication Fork
The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand.
DNA Helicase
Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes.
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
Transcription
the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes.
Translation
the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
Messenger RNA
the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome.
Transfer RNA
a small RNA molecule that participates in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has two important areas: a trinucleotide region called the anticodon and a region for attaching a specific amino acid.
Gene Expression
the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene.
