biology final exam review Flashcards
Understand independent and dependent variables.
an independent variable is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the
other variables you are trying to measure.
a dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is something that depends on other factors.
Know what a hypothesis is.
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as
a starting point for further
investigation.
Know the structure of a carbohydrate.
Every carbon atom is attached to one oxygen atom.
What is the Monomer that makes up a protein?
amino acids
What is a catalyst and how do they affect a chemical reaction?
A catalyst is a substance that can be added to a reaction to increase the reaction rate without
getting consumed in the process. Catalysts typically speed up a reaction by reducing the activation
energy or changing the reaction mechanism. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions.
The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called
substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.
What process adds oxygen to our atmosphere?
photosynthesis
What is Cancer?
A disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.
Understand the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They range
from 10–100 μm in diameter, and their DNA is contained within a
membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes are organisms containing eukaryotic
cells.
Know the organelles found in Eukaryotes and there function.
Nucleus - The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of
DNA. Mitochondria - Make energy out of food Ribosomes - Make protein
Golgi Apparatus - Make, process and package proteins
Lysosome - Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Called the “intracellular highway” because it is for transporting all sorts of items around the cell.
Vacuole - Used for storage, vacuoles usually contain water or food.
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.
What is the function of Lipids in the human body?
Lipids have several roles in the body, these include acting as chemical messengers,
storage and provision of energy and so forth.and releasing their contents to the
outside of the cell.
What is the function of Lipids in the human body?
acting as chemical messengers, storage and provision of energy and so forth.
What organelles are found in plants but not animals?
A chloroplast is an organelle that is only present in plant cells. It is a plastid
that contains chlorophyll and is also where photosynthesis takes place.
Understand osmosis and diffusion.
Osmosis is the movement of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a concentrated solution. …
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. The overall effect is to
equalize concentration throughout the medium.
