cell transport Flashcards
Cell Theory
all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.
Eukaryote
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Prokaryote
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
organelle
An organelle is a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell.
flagella
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, ect.
cilia
cilia are found in the lungs, respiratory tract and middle ear. These cilia have a rhythmic waving or beating motion. They work, for instance, to keep the airways clear of mucus and dirt, allowing us to breathe easily and without irritation.
Passive transport
Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
Concentration gradient
the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.
Diffusion
the spreading of something more widely.
osmosis
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
Hypertonic solution
A solution that contains more dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood. For example, hypertonic solutions are used for soaking wounds.
Hypotonic solution
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution. In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called hypotonic if it has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol. Due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell often appears turgid, or bloated.
Isotonic solution
An isotonic solution is one that has the same osmolarity, or solute concentration, as another solution. If these two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, water will flow in equal parts out of each solution and into the other.
Active transport
the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Endocytosis
the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.
