cell cycle

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

Gametes are an organism’s reproductive cells

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.

Question 4

Chromosme

Answer 4

The small bodies in the nucleus of a cell that carry the chemical “instructions” for reproduction of the cell.

Question 5

Chromatid

Answer 5

A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, the chromosomes first replicate so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

Centromere, structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids (the daughter strands of a replicated chromosome). The centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore, a structure to which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle become anchored.

Question 7

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 7

two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

having two similar complements of chromosomes.

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

pertaining to a single set of chromosomes.

Question 10

Zygote

Answer 10

the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

the chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs in descending order of size.

Question 12

Cell Cycle

Answer 12

the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

the usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.

Question 15

Cancer

Answer 15

a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid.