DNA and stuff.(biological molecules) Flashcards
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid.
what is the monomer of DNA called?
nucleotide.
what makes up a nucleotide?
-pentose sugar
-phosphate group
-nitrogen containing group
what can the pentose sugar be referred as in DNA?
dioxyribose sugar
are the four nitrogen containg groups?
-Adenine –> Thymine
-Guanine–>Cytosine
what is a polymer of DNA called?
polynucleotide
what bond forms between each nucleotide?
phosphodiester bond.
where does the phosphodiester bond form?
between phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar.
what type of bonds are phosphodieter bonds?
strong covalent bonds.
why are strong covalent bonds essential between the phosphodiester bond?
genetic code is not broken down.
why does the poly nucleotide have a sugar-phosphate backbone?
has a strong covalent bond between the phosphate and sugar group. holding polymer group together.
what do complimentary base pairs form?
hydrogen bonds
what bond can adenine and thymine from?
two hydrogen bonds.
what bond can guanine and cytosine form?
3 hydrogen bonds.
why are complimentary base pairs important ?
helps maintain order of genetic code when DNA replicates.
why is DNA double stranded?
replication occurs on one strand as a template.
why is DNA large?
carry lots of information.
why are there weak hydrogen bonds between the bases?
easy unzipping of two strands during replication in double helix.
what are the components of DNA
pentose sugar: deoxyribose
phosphate group
nitrogenus bases: Tyhmine, Guanaine, Cytosine, Adenine
what are the components of RNA
pentose sugar: ribose
phosphate group
nitrogenus bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
what is the difference in the pentose sugars for RNA and DNA?
RNA- ribose sugar
DNA- deoxyribose sugar
what base in RNA differs from DNA
Thymine is subbed for Uracil
what is the difference between DNA and RNA?
-DNA is double stranded
-RNA contains pentose sugar ribose—deoxyribose
-RNA contains uracil—> DNA thymine
what is meant by semi conservative?
ensures genetic continuity
the parent strand from the DNA is copied to the new strand.
