Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology :} > DNA and stuff.(biological molecules) > Flashcards

DNA and stuff.(biological molecules) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the monomer of DNA called?

A

nucleotide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes up a nucleotide?

A

-pentose sugar
-phosphate group
-nitrogen containing group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can the pentose sugar be referred as in DNA?

A

dioxyribose sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are the four nitrogen containg groups?

A

-Adenine –> Thymine
-Guanine–>Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a polymer of DNA called?

A

polynucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bond forms between each nucleotide?

A

phosphodiester bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the phosphodiester bond form?

A

between phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of bonds are phosphodieter bonds?

A

strong covalent bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why are strong covalent bonds essential between the phosphodiester bond?

A

genetic code is not broken down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does the poly nucleotide have a sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

has a strong covalent bond between the phosphate and sugar group. holding polymer group together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do complimentary base pairs form?

A

hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what bond can adenine and thymine from?

A

two hydrogen bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what bond can guanine and cytosine form?

A

3 hydrogen bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why are complimentary base pairs important ?

A

helps maintain order of genetic code when DNA replicates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is DNA double stranded?

A

replication occurs on one strand as a template.

17
Q

why is DNA large?

A

carry lots of information.

18
Q

why are there weak hydrogen bonds between the bases?

A

easy unzipping of two strands during replication in double helix.

19
Q

what are the components of DNA

A

pentose sugar: deoxyribose
phosphate group
nitrogenus bases: Tyhmine, Guanaine, Cytosine, Adenine

20
Q

what are the components of RNA

A

pentose sugar: ribose
phosphate group
nitrogenus bases: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

21
Q

what is the difference in the pentose sugars for RNA and DNA?

A

RNA- ribose sugar
DNA- deoxyribose sugar

22
Q

what base in RNA differs from DNA

A

Thymine is subbed for Uracil

23
Q

what is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

-DNA is double stranded
-RNA contains pentose sugar ribose—deoxyribose
-RNA contains uracil—> DNA thymine

24
Q

what is meant by semi conservative?

A

ensures genetic continuity
the parent strand from the DNA is copied to the new strand.

25
Q

what is the role of DNA helicase

(1)

A

unwinding DNA
breaking hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs
in polynucleotide strands.

26
Q

what happens to the strands of the DNA once unzipped by DNA helicase

A

DNA nucleotides are attracted to exposed polynucleotide strand

27
Q

why is DNA nucleotide attracted to the exposed bases?

A

because of complimentary base pairs

28
Q

how are the nucleotides joined together?

A

condensation reaction

29
Q

what is the role of DNA polymerse?

A

catalyses the condensation reaction between the free nucleotides.

30
Q

what bond is created after the help of DNA polymerase?

A

phosphodiester bonds.

31
Q

watch video on watson and crick
smh.

A
32
Q

what is ATP made from?

A

ribose molecule
adenine molecule
3 phosphate groups

33
Q

what hydrolyses ATP?

A

ATP hydrolase

34
Q

what is formed from the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

adenosine diphosphate(ADP)
inorganic phosphate group (Pi)

35
Q

what does the inorganic phosphate do?

A

used to phosphorylate other compounds
making them more reactive

36
Q

what does phosphorylate mean?

A

adding phosphate to organic compound

37
Q

how is ADP resynthesised

A

condensation reaction between ADP and Pi

38
Q

what enzyme catalyses the resynthesis of ADP?

A

ATP synthase

39
Q

when is ATP synthesised

A

during photosynthesis
respiration

biology :} (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions