Cell Structure Flashcards
how does the rough endoplasmic recticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic recticulum
contains ribosomes on surface
desccribe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes
ribosomes that allow for the synthesis of proteins
what do the ribosomes provide in the RER
creates a pathway for transport of materials through cell
what is the function of the mitochondria
produces ATP and site of aerobic respiration
how can we identify the cristae
extension of a membrane
so the skinny line
what does the matrix contain
proteins
lipids
DNA
ribosomes
what do the things in the matrix allow for the mitochondria to do
allows it to control the production of proteins
what does the soft endoplasmic recticulum
store
transport
synthesise
carbohydrates
lipids
what does the SER do
store
transport
synthesises
–> carbohydrates
–> lipids
what does the golgi apparatus do
packages and modifies proteins and lipids
what does the golgi apparatus modify protein as
glycoproteins
from carbohydrates
what does the Golgi vesicle do
the vesicles fuse with the membrane
and release contents outside
what does the golgi apparatius package, modify and label
proteins
lipids
where is the golgi apparatus well developed
epithelial cells
what does the golgi apparatus make
lysosomes
what are the name of the hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes
lysozymes
why are lysozymes released out the cell via exocytosis
destroy material
what is autolysis of a lysosome
breaking down cells after they’ve died
what is the function of ribosomes
for protein synthesis
what is the 80S ribosome
found in eukayotes
where are the 70S ribosomes located
in prokaryotes
what are eukaryotic
multicelulluar cells found in organisms
what are examples of eukaryotes
plants
animals
what are prokaryotes
unicellualr organisms
what are examples of prokaryotic cells
bacterai and fungi
where is the nuclear envelope
surrounds the nucleus
what does the nuclear envelope control
entry and exit of materials
in and out of materials
what does the nuclear envelope contain
reactions
what does the nuclear pores do?
allows for the passage of
LARGE molecules out the nucleus
mRNA
what does the nuclear pores do?
allows for the passage of
LARGE molecules out the nucleus
mRNA
what does the nucleous manufacture
ribosomal RNA
assembles ribosomes
what is the function of the nucleus
contains genetic material
in form of DNA & chromosomes
what does the nucleus manufacture
ribosomes
what are stacks of thylakoid
grana
what is a thylakoid ?
one stack
what does the thylakoid contain
contains chloroplast
where does the 1st stage of phtosynthesis occur
grana
what dos the fluid in the stroma contain
enzymes responsible for stage 2 of photosynthesis
sugars
how does the structure of the cell wall relate to the function
microfibrils made up of cellulose
to provide mechanica strength.
what is the function of the vacoule
acts as a temporary food store for amino acids
what does a bacterial cell have that eukaryotes dont
plasmid DNA
flagellum
cell wall [animals]
strand of DNA
describe the difference in the size of ribosomes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
smaller in prokaryotes 70S
bigger eukaryotes
what is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotes
murein
what does the cytoplasm of a prokaryote not have
membrane-bound organelles
e.g mitochondria
true or false prokaryotes contain chloroplasts
FALSE
what are viruses
accelular and non living particles
what surrounds the surface of a virus
attachment proteins
what is located in the caspid
genetic material.
RNA
reverse transcriptitase enzymes
name the process where prokaryotes divide
binary fission
describe the role of lysosmes
fuse with vesicle
and release hydrolytic enzymes
why is the solution bufferedd
maintains pH so enzymes dont denature
what polysaccharide is the cell made from
cellulose
true or false the golgi apparatus is surrounded by two membranes
FALSE
highlight the contrsts betwee TEM and a light microscope
greater detail in organelles
TEM ccomplex staining process
live in light dead and under vaccum TEM
TEM no colour light yes
what is meant by isotonic
prevents osomosis
so there is no lysis/shrinkage of organelles
how can we observe position of starch grains in cells using light microscope
-add drop of water to slide
-place plant tissue on slide
-stain with iodine
lower cover slip using mounted needle
what happens once the DNA and plasmids replicate
cell elongates
and DNA moves to opposite poles
what happens when DNA moves to opposite poles
chromosomes divide producing daughter cells
