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biology :} > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how does the rough endoplasmic recticulum differ from the smooth endoplasmic recticulum

A

contains ribosomes on surface

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2
Q

desccribe how the RER is involved in the production of enzymes

A

ribosomes that allow for the synthesis of proteins

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3
Q

what do the ribosomes provide in the RER

A

creates a pathway for transport of materials through cell

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4
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria

A

produces ATP and site of aerobic respiration

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5
Q

how can we identify the cristae

A

extension of a membrane
so the skinny line

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6
Q

what does the matrix contain

A

proteins
lipids
DNA
ribosomes

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7
Q

what do the things in the matrix allow for the mitochondria to do

A

allows it to control the production of proteins

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8
Q

what does the soft endoplasmic recticulum
store
transport
synthesise

A

carbohydrates
lipids

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9
Q

what does the SER do

A

store
transport
synthesises
–> carbohydrates
–> lipids

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10
Q

what does the golgi apparatus do

A

packages and modifies proteins and lipids

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11
Q

what does the golgi apparatus modify protein as

A

glycoproteins
from carbohydrates

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12
Q

what does the Golgi vesicle do

A

the vesicles fuse with the membrane
and release contents outside

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13
Q

what does the golgi apparatius package, modify and label

A

proteins
lipids

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14
Q

where is the golgi apparatus well developed

A

epithelial cells

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15
Q

what does the golgi apparatus make

A

lysosomes

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16
Q

what are the name of the hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes

A

lysozymes

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17
Q

why are lysozymes released out the cell via exocytosis

A

destroy material

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18
Q

what is autolysis of a lysosome

A

breaking down cells after they’ve died

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19
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

for protein synthesis

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20
Q

what is the 80S ribosome

A

found in eukayotes

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21
Q

where are the 70S ribosomes located

A

in prokaryotes

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22
Q

what are eukaryotic

A

multicelulluar cells found in organisms

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23
Q

what are examples of eukaryotes

A

plants
animals

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24
Q

what are prokaryotes

A

unicellualr organisms

25
Q

what are examples of prokaryotic cells

A

bacterai and fungi

26
Q

where is the nuclear envelope

A

surrounds the nucleus

27
Q

what does the nuclear envelope control

A

entry and exit of materials
in and out of materials

28
Q

what does the nuclear envelope contain

A

reactions

29
Q

what does the nuclear pores do?

A

allows for the passage of
LARGE molecules out the nucleus
mRNA

29
Q

what does the nuclear pores do?

A

allows for the passage of
LARGE molecules out the nucleus
mRNA

30
Q

what does the nucleous manufacture

A

ribosomal RNA
assembles ribosomes

31
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

contains genetic material
in form of DNA & chromosomes

32
Q

what does the nucleus manufacture

A

ribosomes

33
Q

what are stacks of thylakoid

A

grana

34
Q

what is a thylakoid ?

A

one stack

35
Q

what does the thylakoid contain

A

contains chloroplast

36
Q

where does the 1st stage of phtosynthesis occur

A

grana

37
Q

what dos the fluid in the stroma contain

A

enzymes responsible for stage 2 of photosynthesis
sugars

38
Q

how does the structure of the cell wall relate to the function

A

microfibrils made up of cellulose
to provide mechanica strength.

39
Q

what is the function of the vacoule

A

acts as a temporary food store for amino acids

40
Q

what does a bacterial cell have that eukaryotes dont

A

plasmid DNA
flagellum
cell wall [animals]
strand of DNA

41
Q

describe the difference in the size of ribosomes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

smaller in prokaryotes 70S
bigger eukaryotes

42
Q

what is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotes

A

murein

43
Q

what does the cytoplasm of a prokaryote not have

A

membrane-bound organelles
e.g mitochondria

44
Q

true or false prokaryotes contain chloroplasts

A

FALSE

45
Q

what are viruses

A

accelular and non living particles

46
Q

what surrounds the surface of a virus

A

attachment proteins

47
Q

what is located in the caspid

A

genetic material.
RNA
reverse transcriptitase enzymes

48
Q

name the process where prokaryotes divide

A

binary fission

49
Q

describe the role of lysosmes

A

fuse with vesicle
and release hydrolytic enzymes

50
Q

why is the solution bufferedd

A

maintains pH so enzymes dont denature

51
Q

what polysaccharide is the cell made from

A

cellulose

52
Q

true or false the golgi apparatus is surrounded by two membranes

A

FALSE

53
Q

highlight the contrsts betwee TEM and a light microscope

A

greater detail in organelles
TEM ccomplex staining process
live in light dead and under vaccum TEM
TEM no colour light yes

54
Q

what is meant by isotonic

A

prevents osomosis
so there is no lysis/shrinkage of organelles

55
Q

how can we observe position of starch grains in cells using light microscope

A

-add drop of water to slide
-place plant tissue on slide
-stain with iodine
lower cover slip using mounted needle

56
Q

what happens once the DNA and plasmids replicate

A

cell elongates
and DNA moves to opposite poles

57
Q

what happens when DNA moves to opposite poles

A

chromosomes divide producing daughter cells

biology :} (12 decks)

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