DNA Amplification

Question 1

One approach is to allow a rapidly growing organism, like bacteria, to replicate DNA for us

Answer 1

cloning

Question 2

Millions of copies of selected
DNA fragments can also be made within a few hours with high precision by a technique called the

Answer 2

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 3

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is dicovered by?

Answer 3

Kary B. Mullis

Question 4

are oligonucleotides
consisting of 12 to 16 nucleotides.

Answer 4

primers

Question 5

When added to a target DNA segment, they hybridize with the end of each strand of the gene.

Answer 5

primers

Question 6

PCR techniques can be used if the sequence of a gene to be copied is known, or at least a sequence bordering the desired DNA is known. In such a case, one can synthesize ________ that are complementary to the ends of the gene or to the bordering DNA.

Answer 6

two primers

Question 7

The process in which two strands of nucleic acids
or segments of nucleic acid strands form a double-stranded structure through hydrogen bonding of complementary base pairs

Answer 7

Hybridization

Question 8

A temperature of ____ is needed because the double helix must be unwound to hybridize the primer to the target DNA.

Answer 8

95°C

Question 9

The temperature is then raised to _____ and the primers are extended, filling in the complementary strands at that
temperature.

Answer 9

70°C

Question 10

Once single strands of DNA have been exposed, the mixture is cooled to ________. The primers are hybridized at this temperature.

Answer 10

50–60°C

Question 11

the enzyme that can tolerate high degree of temperature because this enzyme was isolated from a bacterium that is heattolerant.

Answer 11

TAQ-DNA Polymerase