DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the purpose of DNA?
Stores our genetic instruction, assembly instructions for the organism
How many letters are in the code of DNA?
6 billion
What is a somatic cell?
Body cell
How many chromosomes does each somatic cell hold contain?
46
Where are the cromozones stored in a cell?
The nucleus of the cell
What is a Polymer?
Structure made up of many repeating units
What is a nucleotide?
Small units (molecules) of DNA They are the building blocks of DNA
Having more than one nucleotide is called?
Polynucleotide
What are the ingredients of a DNA molecule?
- A 5 Carbon sugar molecule
- 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases
- A Phosphate group
What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Which Nitro bases are considered Purines and why?
Adenine and Guanine because they have two rings
Which Nitro bases are considered Pyrimidines and why?
Thymine and Cytosine because they have one ring
Differences between DNA and RNA
- DNA has a double helix while RNA has a single strand of nucleotides
- RNA’s pyrimidine base has uracil instead of thymine
- The pentose in DNA is deoxyribose and the pentose in RNA is ribose
Chromosomes contain sections called:
Genes
What does a gene contain?
Information that specifies production of proteins
What are the function of genes within a cell?
To send messages inside the cell and to other cells in the form of code
Genes sending messages is made possible through
Complementary base pairing
List the Chromosome hierarchy
Chromosomes consists of subunits of genes which consists of DNA
Where does RNA translation take place?
Within the nucleus of a cell
Where are amino-acid chains created?
Ribosomes
