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TEASV Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main components/systems of the digestive system?

A
  1. Alimentary canal

2. Accessory structures

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2
Q

What does the Alimentary structure system consist of?

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestines
  5. Large Intestines
  6. Anus
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3
Q

The 3 sections of the small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. ileum
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4
Q

What are the Accessory structures?

A
  1. Teeth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Pancreas
  4. Liver
  5. Gallbladder
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5
Q

Role surface area plays in digestion

A

Digestive systems spends less work breaking nutrients down

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6
Q

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

A

In the small intestines

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7
Q

Length of the average adult small intestine

A

7 metres

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8
Q

Surface area of the small intestine

A

250 square metres

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9
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

At the mouth

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10
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Chemicals that break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed

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11
Q

What is the enzyme used in the mouth to start digestion, what does it breakdown and what it converts what into what?

A

Salivary amylase, carbohydrates, starch into glucose

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12
Q

Where is salivary amylase produced?

A

Parotid salivary gland

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13
Q

From the mouth, the bolus travels through what before reaching the stomach?

A

Pharynx and esophagus

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14
Q

What prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

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15
Q

How does the Epiglottis work?

A

When swallowing, the tissue flap blocks the trachea

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16
Q

Define Peristalis

A

Wave like rhythmic muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive track

17
Q

What are the muscles found in the stomach called?

A

Rugae & gastric folds

18
Q

General composition of Gastric juice

A

Hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsin, mucus and water

19
Q

Ph of hydrochloric acid

A

1

20
Q

What is a Protease?

A

A category of enzyme (specifically dealing protein-digesting)

21
Q

What is Pepsin

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino-acids

22
Q

What is intrinsic factor and what produces it?

A

Molecule that binds with B-12 allowing it to survive the hydrochloric acid in the stomach and be passed down to the small intestines for absorption. Produced by cells (in gastirc pits) in the stomach called Parietal cells

23
Q

Insufficient stomach mucus leads to which disorder?

A

Peptic ulcers

24
Q

What is Chyme?

A

A mixture of food, chemicals and enzymes in the stomach

25
Q

Where does Chyme go after leaving the stomach?

A

Pyloric sphincter

26
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

Regulates how much Chyme gets into the small intestine and when it gets there

27
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

28
Q

What are the 2 hormones that the duodenum releases?

A
  1. Secretin

2. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

29
Q

What is the purpose of Secretin?

A

Stimulates the pancreas to trigger release of bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach acid entering the duodenum

30
Q

What is function of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

Stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the stomach to decrease acid production

31
Q

(Physically) Describe small intestinal nutrient absorption (structures)

A

Finger like projections called villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption increasment. Each villus contains arterioles lymphatic vessels for absorption

32
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

A mixture of two or more liquids that normally are not mixable

33
Q

What is bile salt and its purpose (what does it break down and into what?

A

An emulsifier. It takes hydrophobic fat molecules and breaks them up into fatty acids and monoglycerides so it can be absorbed

34
Q

Where is bile-salt produced and stored?

A

Produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

35
Q

Where does the chyme travel after the small intestine?

A

Enters the Cecum (beginning of the large intestine)

36
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Remove most of the water and bile-salts from the chyme and storage/formation of feces

37
Q

Which tube is located at the end of the Cecum?

A

The appendix

38
Q

Believed function of the appendix

A

Safe house for good bacteria with sample of gut bacteria which is secreted to help recolonize after illness (eg. food poisoning)

39
Q

Where does feces travel after leaving the large intestine?

A

Through the two anal sphincters

TEASV Science (18 decks)

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