DNA Flashcards
How are nucleotides joined together?
Condensation
How are the bonds between nucleotides called?
Nucleic Acid (DE: Nukleinsäuren )
When is nucleic acid (DE: Nukleinsäuren) called RNA?
When the sugar part is ribose then the nucleic acid is called RNA. If the sugar part is deoxyribose this nucleic acid is called DNA.
When is the nucleic acid called DNA?
The nucleic acid is called DNA when the sugar part is deoxyribose.
What are pyrimidines (DE: Pyrimidin)?
Thymine, Uracil, Cytosin
They are the smaller ones.
What are the purines (DE: Purin)?
Adenin, Guanin
They are the bigger ones.
Explain the semiconservative replication
The semiconservative replication is when the new DNA molecule consists of one conserved strand plus one newly built strand.
The steps are as follows:
- double helix is untwisted
- hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken apart to unzip the DNA
- free DNA nucleotides are hydrogen-bonded onto the exposed bases according to the base-pairing rules
- covalent bonds are formed between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next to seal the backbone
What are the base pairing rules?
In the DNA:
A (Adenine)/ T (Thymine)
“Apfel und Titi”
C (Cytosine) /G (Guanine)
“Cowboy und Gandalf”
How are nucleotides bond together?
Nucleotides are bond together by hydrogen bonds.
Describe the difference of RNA and DNA
- the sugar molecule that makes up the nucleotides is ribose (in RNA)
- the nitrogenous (stickstoffhaltig) base uracil is found instead of the oraganic base thymine(RNA)
- the polynucleotide chain is usually single-stranded (einzelstraengig)
- three forms of RNA molecule exist (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)
What are the base-pairing (Basenpaarung) rules for RNA?
A/U
“Apfel und Unterhose”
“C/G”
“Cowboy und Gandalf”
What happnes to exposed DNA nucleotides?
If DNA are exposed free RNA nucleotides form complementary hydrogen-bonds with them and form a RNA chain→transcription
Name the 3 forms of RNA
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
