Diversity unit Flashcards
3 domains deck should be included in this
How do we determine relatedness? (4)
Evidence from anatomy
Evidence from development
Evidence from physiology/biochemistry
Evidence from DNA
What is evidence from anatomy
Size and proportion are different but they do indicate a common ancestry thus easier to group together when classifying/naming
What is evidence from development
Evidence from Early embryonic forms of life can reveal relatedness that is not visible in adult forms
What is evidence from physiology/biochemistry
Proteins (chemical messengers) are coded for by genes, thus if two organisms are genetically similar than their bodies should make similar proteins
What is evidence from DNA
DNA analysis can show closely related two species are by comparing how much of there genetic code they have in common
What can DNA analysis be used to predict
How long ago speciation (divergence) occurred
Why is it important to classify animals
If a product is devived from a species of plant, knowing which species are closely related to that plant may help researchers develop better medicine
Understanding relatedness and evolutionary history may help epidemiologists trace the transmission of disease
The more knowledge we have of relationships between species allows a better understanding of their ecology and how we can best manage and protect them
What is species diversity
The variety of species in a given area
What is genetic diversity
The variety of genes in a population
The deeper the gene pool the what
The better-more resistance to infections/parasites
Variety is the fuel for natural selection
Populations with shallow gene pools are what
Vulnerable to disease and interbreeding
What is ecosystem diversity
The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere
define species
group of organisms that can breed and make fertile off spring
what are the three species concepts
- Morphological species concept
- Biological species concept
- Phylogenetic species concept
what is the morphological species concept, advantage and disadvantage
how similar organisms are
advantage: simplistic
disadvantage: how much variation is too much? Most populations are made up of non-identical individuals
what is the Biological species concept, advantage and disadvantage
the ability to produce fertile offspring
advantage: widely accepted
disadvantage: can’t be applied to extinct species, hard to test, cannot be used with asexual species
what is the Phylogenetic species concept, advantage and disadvantage
focus on evolutionary relationships and histories, a species is defined as a cluster of organisms that shows relationship within a cluster and distinct from other clusters.
advantage: can be applied to extinct species, using DNA analysis
disadvantage: evolutionary histories not known for all animals
define taxonomy
the science that classifies and names living things
define organisms
are classified by similarities, from general to specific (Hierarchial classification)
- there are 8 levels or “taxa”
Describe Prokaryotes
- small, simple life forms
- lack true nucleus (no nuclei membrane)
- genetic material is a single circular chromosome (plasmid)
- a sexual reproduction is the norm; sexual is less common. no meiosis only binary fission (mitosis)
- tend to be unicellular, multicellular is rare
- no membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, etc)
- Many are anaerobic
describe eukaryotes
- more complicated life form
- have a membrane bound nucleus
- genetic material is made up of multiple chromosomes
- sexual reproduction is common; cells divide by meiosis and mitosis
- mostly multicellular
- membrane bound organelles present
- most are aerobic
- thought to be more evolutionarily advanced than prokaryotes
