DIVERSE PLACES Flashcards
1
Q
what is integration?
A
the bringing together of people from different demographics or ethnic groups that make up society
2
Q
what is segragation?
A
the seperation or isolation of a group of people by forced or voluntary residence in a certain area
3
Q
what is regeneration?
A
the redeveloping of former industrial areas or housing to improve them
4
Q
what is gentrification?
A
high-income earners move into run-down areas to be closer to their jobs resulting in regenration of the area to conforem to their middle class lifestyles
5
Q
Suggest one reason why the distribution of international migrants varies across the UK
3 marks
A
Asylum seekers arrive in the South-East of the UK, so the government relocates them to the North of the UK. to prevent overcrowding in the South-East
6
Q
what is assimilation?
A
the process of understanding and becoming parts of something
7
Q
How is assimilation measured?
A
- voting turnouts
- tensions/ hate crimes
- community interactions
8
Q
What are the UK’s attitudes towards immigration?
A
- 52% believe immigration should stop
- very split over if immigration is good or bad
This means migrants may feel unwanted in society as people arent necessarily willing for social cohesion
9
Q
Who are rural communities more desirable for?
A
- elderly dependants
- older economically active
- more wealthy
- white british
10
Q
How has sport benefited assimilation?
A
- appeals to all ethnic groups
- brings people together
- common interest
11
Q
how has sport disadvantaged assimilation?
A
- racist abuse oline
- more appealing for men
- drinking culture
12
Q
how has the jubilee benefited assimilation?
A
- appealing for families
- brings people together
13
Q
how has the jubilee disadnataged assimilation?
A
- mostly appealing for over 50s and families
14
Q
why do people move to the UK from the commonwealth?
A
- positive perception of the UK
- UK labour shortage
- 1948 British Nationality Act
- refugees are seeking a better life
- high levels of unemployment in home countries
15
Q
what factors have caused population change?
A
- migration
- improved health
- baby boomers having children
- 1948 british nationality act
- womens rights movements
- technological advancements
- child benefit scheme
- brighter economic output
16
Q
what are centrifugal forces?
A
forces that divide communites
17
Q
what are examples of centrifugal forces?
A
- globalisation
- migration
- employment change
18
Q
How can the media influence preceptions of place?
A
- show more idealised and appealing images, which often come from tourists.
19
Q
What are some factors that affcet cultural identity?
A
- age
- gender
- financial status
- ethnicity
- religion
- friendships
20
Q
what is the rural idyll?
A
an idealised, romanticised construct that presents rural areas as happier, healthier and with fewer problems than urban areas
21
Q
what is an example of chosen ethnic segragation?
A
ethnic enclaves
22
Q
what are centripetal forces?
A
bringing people together
23
Q
what is an example of forced segregation?
A
- American civils rights movements
- UK government moving migrants
24
Q
What economic and social issues can rapid demographic and cultural change lead to?
A
- conflict/tension
- unwanted changes to built environment
- social exclusion
- increased pressure on services
- higher levels of deprivation
- increased house prices
25
what economic measures can be used to measure success of management strategies?
- income
- employment type
26
What are examples of demographic indicators?
- age
- ethnicity
- population size
- gender
27
How can social progress be measured?
- reduction in inequalities
- improvements in the IMD
- improvements to life expectancy
28
what is evidence of social progress?
- independant shops opening
- funding of youth teams
- private investment to reduce unemployment
29
how can you measure cultural assimilation?
- number of cultural features
30
How can you measure economic assimilation?
- disparities in wages
31
How can you measure social assimilation?
- changes to the incidence of crime rates
32
How could you measure demographic assimilation?
- mapping changing residential distributions to see if they show decreasing segragation
33
How can you measure political assimilation?
- voter turnouts for minority groups
- development of community groups
34
How can you measure community engagement?
- election turnout
- number of community activities
- number of supported local community groups
35
What does the lack of ethnic minority groups voting suggest?
- some individuals feel socially excluded
- feel they have little influence
- possible language barriers
36
Who will there be contrasting views between in urban and rural areas?
- different generations
- minority ethnic groups
- deprived groups
37
What are examples of national strategies to manage change within urban areas?
- the Northern Powerhouse initiative
- Urban Development Corporations
- levelling up fund
- the Prevent programme
38
What is the northern powerhouse initiative?
- the uk Government transfers funds towards northern cities to reduce the N/S economic imbalance. The funds are boosting manufacturing, science, technology and the services sector.
- The government is also investing in transport, infrastructure, new businesses, retail space and tourist attractions.
39
What are urban development corporations?
Groups responsible for large-scale regeneration projects within the UK, such as of the London Docklands.
40
What is the levelling up fund?
A fund for 20 uk towns and cities across England, they receive money for regeneration projects to create new homes, jobs and communities.
41
What is the prevent programme?
- a scheme the aims to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism.
- They support people who are susceptible to radicalisation and protect communities from radical influences.
42
What are examples of local strategies in urban areas to manage change.
- local community groups
e.g. Aik Saath in Slough
43
What can local community groups do to help manage change in urban areas?
- help change how people interact
- lobby local authorities for change
- improve local lies
- set up consulations and solutions
44
what is Aik Saath?
The charity in Slough that focuses on integrating people from all communities, faiths and backgrounds to encourage conflict resolution and community cohesion.
45
How does Aik Saath aim to achieve community cohesion?
- Stopping young violence and hate crimes through training, campaigns, and projects in education settings
46
What four variables can be used to measure the success of managing change in diverse urban communities/
- economic
- social
- demographic changes
- environmental
47
What economic variables can be used to measure the successive change in diverse urban areas.
Changes to average incomes and levels of unemployment
48
What social variables can be used to measure the success of managing change in diverse urban areas?
Reducing levels of deprivation and crime rates
49
what demographic changes can be measured when looking at the success of managing change in diverse urban areas.
- improved life expectancy
- reduced health deprivation
50
What environmental measures can be looked at when measuring its success of managing change in a diverse urban areas?
- reducing pollution levels
- the amount of derelict land
51
What are examples of stakeholders in diverse communities?
- residents
- local government
- national government
- migrants
- local businesses
52
How can stakeholders for diverse areas be divided?
- Groups that directly affect the management or handling of the issue.
- Groups that are affected by the management of the issue.
53
Why will each stakeholder have their own view on the success of managing change in a diverse areas?
- different perceptions and lived experiences
- different ideas of success vs failure
- different sets of criteria for success
54
What viewpoints may national governments and planners have of success on managing change in rural areas?
- May only have perceptions of rural areas, rather than lived experiences so may not meet needs of local community.
- Development plans may have to be more considered due to protecting rural areas.
55
What success measures could national governments and planners use?
- number of deprived households
- unemployment rate
- Level of internal international migration to fill job vacancies.
56
What viewpoints may local governments have on managing change in diverse rural areas
- The long time, health of the local economy
- traditions and heritage of the area Maybe more likely to protect it due to members having a lived experience.
57
What possible success measures could local governments use?
- number of deprived households
- unemployment rate
- visitor numbers
- job creation numbers
- census data
- IMD data trends.
58
What viewpoints are local businesses likely to have for managing change in diverse rural areas
- Large development projects may be viewed negatively if it increases competition.
- New development could be viewed positively for local businesses are involved in decision making.
- Will want to expand their market and customer base.
59
What possible success measures will local businesses use to measure success of managing change in rural areas.
- Visitor numbers
- the extent of protected areas
- profitability of farms
- changes in profit
- hiring rates of new employees
- increased population, especially the young.
60
What viewpoints may migrants have of managing change in rural areas?
- Immigrants are willing to work below wages in agriculture sectors and occupy poor quality housing, which does nothing to relieve rural areas suffering from deprivation.
61
What indicators may migrants use to measure the success of managing change in rural areas.
- Amount of affordable homes to rent.
- Number of new job openings.
62
What different issues will rural areas have requiring management?
- High levels of deprivation due to lower incomes than seasonal jobs.
- Declining guru services.
- Poor transport communication infrastructure.
- Few affordable homes.
63
What are examples of national strategies for managing change in diverse rural areas.
- LEADER programme & regeneration partnership
- Rural enterprise zones
- National investments
64
What is the leader programme and regeneration partnership
- Funded by the EU pre-brexit
- It was a coordinated and integrated approach to economic and community regeneration.
65
What are rural enterprise zones?
They were introduced by governments to encourage development of new businesses, enabling growth though incentives such as business rate holiday, more streamline planning regulations and super fast broadband.
66
What national investments can help to manage change in diverse rural areas.
Investing in mobile networks and highest speed broadband allows more people to work in rural areas.
67
What are examples of local strategies for managing change in diverse rural areas.
- Land owners and farmers diversifying.
- Local authorities granting planning permission to particular groups.
68
Where is diversifying by landowners and farmers?
Where farmers start to produce and sell specialty goods, or convert buildings for other uses or allow renewable energy to create economic opportunities for young people and increase profits.
69
Why was the lake district rural revival partnership formed?
To facilitate management of the area and involve representatives from the public, private, community and voluntary sectors, as well as reduced economic decline.
70
what are examples of strategies included in the lake district rural revival partnerships.
- Developing Land Management and diversification
- Developing opportunities create social awareness.
- Investigating the ways young people can be involved.
- Working together to create a greener environment.
- Ensuring advanced mobile coverage.
- Investing in flood resilience measures.
71
Why is the lake district partnership a successful example of how the interests of multiple stakeholders can be managed in a rural area?
- There are many competing land owners.
- the needs of wildlife local heritage and tourists are also considered in decision making.
72
Where is the fell futures project?
A local project in the Lake District that aims to address the nationally identified skills shortag by training apprenticeships and new volunteers in skills such as dry stone walling, habitat conservation and forestry
