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EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY > COASTS > Flashcards

COASTS Flashcards

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1
Q

what are isostatic sea level changes?

A
  • local changes caused by the vertical movement of land.

ice melting allows the land to rebound (rise) causing the sea levels to fall

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2
Q

what are eustatic sea level changes?

A
  • global changes
  • tectonic movement changes the shape of the ocean basin
  • sea levels fall during ice ages, as more water is frozen.
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3
Q

what is a submergent coastline?

A

a coastline with sinking land and rising sea levels

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4
Q

what is an emergent coastline?

A

a coastline with rising land and falling sea levels

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5
Q

what is means by a strand line?

A

where the seaweed builds up at the high tide mark

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6
Q

what is prevailing wind?

A

the most common wind

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7
Q

what is dominant wind?

A

the strongest wind

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8
Q

what is the climatic climax vegetation?

A

the last vegetation stage in sand dune succesion

in the UK it is deciduous trees

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9
Q

how does a bar form?

A

longshore drift creates a spit which then grows and joins a headland, forming a bar

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10
Q

how is a tombolo formed?

A

longshore drift creates a spit which then joins to an island, forming a tombolo

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11
Q

what is subsidence?

A

the sinking land, it is an isostatic change

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12
Q

what are some impacts of sea level rise?

A
  • coastal flooding
  • infrastructure damage
  • loss of towns
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13
Q

what are 2 features of an emergent coastline?

A
  • raised beaches
  • relic cliffs
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14
Q

what are 2 features of a submergent coastline?

A
  • Rias
  • Fjords
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15
Q

what are the 4 types of bedding plane?

A
  • vertical
  • horizontal
  • seaward dipping
  • landward dipping
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16
Q

what bedding plane is this
=====

A
  • horizontal
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17
Q

what bedding plane is this
[[[[[[

A

vertical

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18
Q

what bedding plane is this
/////// sea

A

landward dipping

  • slowest erosion
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19
Q

what bedding plane is this
\\\ sea

A

seaward dipping

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20
Q

How is Porlock managed?

A

MANAGED RETREAT
- shingle ridge was breached and the land allowed to flood forming marshland which would absorb future floods.

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21
Q

Why and how is Easington managed?

A
  • it has a large gas pumping site, supplies 25% of Britains gas
  • a sea wall
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22
Q

What rock type is along the Holderness coastline?

A
  • boulder clay
23
Q

What management techniques are at Mappleton?

A
  • groynes
24
Q

How is Minehead managed?

A

HOLD THE LINE
- curved sea wall
- rock armour

25
Q

why is Minehead protected?

A
  • Butlins is local to minehead, so tourism helped to fund the management techniques
26
Q

what management techniques are at the North of Swanage bay?

A

NO ACTIVE INTERVENTION as there is low value farmland, the cliffs are eroded so fossils can be found

27
Q

How is Swanage bay managed?

A

HOLD THE LINE
- groynes
- sea wall
- beach nourishment
- cliff stabilisation

28
Q

what rock types are at Swanage?

A
  • chalk
  • clay
  • limestone
29
Q

What is the rock type at Walton-on-the-Naze?

A

london clay

30
Q

How is Walton-on-the-Naze protected?

A
  • short stubb groynes

there is MANAGED RETREAT to protect the settlement, and allow the fossils to be unearthed as it is a SSSI

31
Q

what is a SSSI?

A

site of special scientific interest

32
Q

What is studland?

A
  • a sand dune in Dorset
33
Q

Who owns studland?

A

National Trust

34
Q

what problems does Studland face?

A
  • 12-13 tonnes of litter is dropped each week
  • up to 30 lost children a day
  • fires in the dunes
  • naturists can also use the beach
  • trampling
35
Q

what is a honeypot site?

A

an area with all the ammenities so tourists are concentrated in one place

e.g.Knoll Beach at Studland

36
Q

what is HEZE at studland?

A

H
Education
Zonation
E

37
Q

what is a pioneer species?

A

the first species in sand dune succession

38
Q

what is a psammosere?

A

sand dune succession

39
Q

what are the parts of a sand dune?

A
  • embryo dune
  • fore dune
  • yellow dune
  • grey dune
  • dune slack
  • mature dune
40
Q

what are some characteristics of the embryo dune?

A

LIMITING FACTORS:
- salty
- windy
- dry
- diurnal tide
- trampling
- lack of soil/nutrients

  • pioneer species
    e.g. - salt wort
    - sandwort
    - couch grass
41
Q

what are the characteristics of the yellow dune?

A
  • mobile
  • marram grass
  • patches of bare sand
42
Q

what are the characteristics of the grey dune?

A
  • fixed
  • increased floristic diversity
  • soil increases
  • gorse
  • heather
43
Q

what are the characteristics of the dune slack?

A
  • flooded as is below the water table
  • creeping willow
  • cotton grass
  • reeds
44
Q

what are the characteristics of the mature dune?

A
  • ## climatic climax vegetation
45
Q

what is integrated management?

A

2 or more managements techniques working together

46
Q

what are examples of hard engineering?

A
  • sea wall
  • groyne
  • gabion
  • shingle ridge
  • rock armour
47
Q

what are examples of soft engineering?

A
  • dune regeneration
  • beach nourishment
48
Q

what is an ICMZ?

A

INTERGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT ZONE

49
Q

what are subaerial processes?

A
  • mass movement
  • weathering
50
Q

what are examples of weathering?

A
  • biological
  • chemical
  • physical/mechanical
51
Q

what are examples of mass movement?

A
  • soil creep
  • landslide
  • slumping
  • rockfall
52
Q

what are examples of erosion?

A
  • abrasion
  • attrition
  • corrosion
  • hydraulic action
53
Q

what are features of destructive waves?

A
  • weak swash
  • strong backwash
  • long fetch
  • tall
  • frequent
54
Q

what are features of constructive waves?

A
  • strong swash
  • weak backwash
  • short fetch

EDEXCEL GEOGRAPHY (18 decks)

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