Diuretics Flashcards
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide: uses
glaucoma
idiopathic intracranial HTN
altitude sickness
metabolic alkalosis
Altitude sickness treatment with acetazolamide
hypoxemia
leading to increased respiratory rate (blowing off CO2)
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic compensation enhanced by acetazolamide which helps you excrete carbonic acid
Acetazolamide side effects
metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia
nephrolithiasis
Sulfa drugs
acetazolamide
thiazides
loop diuretics
What’s the only loop duiretic that is not a sulfa drug?
ethacrynic acid
When should you use mannitol, osmotic diuretic?
increased ICP (short term solution)
acute kidney injury
acute angle closure glaucoma
Mannitol adverse effects
dilutional hyponatremia initially
osmotic diureses, and relative hypernatremia
hyperosmolarity
pulmonary edema
Monitor serum sodium, serum osmolarity looking for hyperosmolarity
Loop diuretics
furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide
ethacrynic acid
CHF Ascites Pulmonary edema Peripheral edema Hypercalcemia (but be careful with hypercalciuria, in which case loop diuretics might cause more kidney stones)
Loop diuretic side effects
ototoxicity
hyperuricemia (don’t give if gout)
hypokalemia (supplement potassium)
hypocalcemia
Thiazides
hydrochlorothiazide
metolazone
chlorthalidone
use for HTN early, mild CHF hypercalciuria nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
RTA
Thiazides- side effects
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia
Potassium-sparing diuretics
potassium, “taKe a SEAT”
aldosterone antagonists:
Spironolactone
Epleronone
block sodium channels:
Amiloride
Triamterene
Aldosterone antagonists- when do we use them?
Hyperaldosteronism CHF Post- MI (especially epleronone) Portal HTN (especially spironolactone and furosemide)
Spironolactone’s anti-androgen effects can be used to treat…
acne
polycystic ovarian syndrome
Aldosterone antagonise side efefects
hyperkalemia
gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities (spironolactone)
