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Pathophysiology > Disorders Of Visual Functions > Flashcards

Disorders Of Visual Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Conjunctiva *

A

Mucous around eye

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2
Q

Conjunctivitis *

A

Redness and swelling of the clear membrane

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3
Q

Conjunctiva Disorders*

A

Infectious

  • bacterial
  • viral
  • chlamydial
  • opthalmia neonatorum (baby’s eyes are contaminated during passage through birth canal from infected mother)
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4
Q

Presbyopia*

A

Change in vision due to aging (thickened lens and less elastic muscle fibres)

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5
Q

Glaucoma*

A

Increased introcular pressure which leads to loss of vision or blindness

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6
Q

Open-Angle Glaucoma*

A

Wide angle and open but drainage canals are clogged overtime causing an increase in pressure and damage to optic nerve

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7
Q

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

A

Narrow angle, sudden increase in intraocular pressure. Fluid is continually produced and drains out of eye

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8
Q

Cataracts*

A

Clouding of lens

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9
Q

Causes of Cataracts *

A
  • aging
  • genetic, environmental, metabolic influences
  • drugs
  • injury
  • diabetes
  • long term exposure to sunlight
  • heavy smoking
  • secondary to trauma or disease
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10
Q

Ectropion*

A

Lower lid is loose and rolls out

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10
Q

Ectropion Causes*

A

Muscle weakness
Facial paralysis
Scars or previous surgery
Genetic disorders

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11
Q

Entropion

A

Lower lid rolls in

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12
Q

Optic nerve

A

Connects to brain; sends signals

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13
Q

Tears

A

Protective film that hydrates the eyes

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14
Q

Deterioration of tear film from:

A

Aging
Loss of reflex lacrimal gland secretion
Contact lenses

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15
Q

How to treat deterioration of tear film?

A

Artificial tears
Plug lacrimal puncta
Ointments

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16
Q

Lacrimal

A

Drainage of eyes

17
Q

Hordeolum

A

Infection if sebaceous gland (aka stye)

18
Q

Amblyopia

A

Diminished vision with no detectable organic eye lesion of eye

19
Q

Strabismus

A

Abnormality of eye coordination resulting in binocular vision
(Paralytic strabismus - muscle is impaired)

20
Q

Abducens nerve

A

Lateral eye movement

21
Q

Trochlear

A

Down and inwards (superior obliques)

22
Q

Oculomotor

A

Up, down, medial, up and in

23
Q

Pupil size is controlled by?

A

Autonomic nervous system

  • parasympathetic controls constriction
  • sympathetic controls dilation
24
Q

Uveal tract

A

Middle vascular layer

25
Q

Anopia

A

Blindness in one eye

26
Q

Hemianopia

A

Loss of half of visual field in one eye

27
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

Quarter of visual field lost in one eye

28
Q

Heteronymous hemianopia

A

Loss of half-fields in two eyes

29
Q

Aqueous humor

A
  • maintains intraocular pressure
  • mediates exchange of respiratory gases
  • provides nutrition to lens and cornea
  • low protein
  • high acid, glucose, amino acids
30
Q

Primary Visual Impairment

A

No evidence of preexisting ocular or systemic disease

31
Q

Secondary Visual Impairment

A

Associated with other inflammatory process affecting eye

32
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply to eye

33
Q

Papilledma

A

Increased pressure in brain causing optic nerve to swell

34
Q

Retinal Vein Occlusion

A

Blockage of veins that carry blood away from retina

35
Q

Retinal Artery Occlusion

A

Blockage where blood flows into eye artery

36
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Vision loss due to diabetes

  • nonproliferative: confined to retina
  • proliferative: formation of new fragile blood vessels
37
Q

Retinal Detachment - Exudative

A

From accumulation of fluid in sub-retinal space

38
Q

Retinal Detachment - Traction

A

From scar tissue

39
Q

Retinal Detachment - Rhegmatogenous

A

Most common type where vitreous begins to liquefy and collapse

40
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Dry form - atrophic (waste/decrease in size)

Wet form - exudative (leaking/oozing)

42
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

Loss of learned meaningfulness of visual images

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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