Disorders Of Hearing Flashcards
Meniere Disease*
Unbalanced signals- causes you to feel like you’re spinning, ringing in ears, feeling fullness or pressure in the ear
Causes of Meniere Disease *
Trauma Infection Immunologic Endocrine (hyperthyroidism/ adrenal pituitary insufficiency) Vascular disorders
Disorders in Vestibular Functions*
Vertigo - illusion that motion occurs (feels like your falling)
Causes of Vertigo *
CNS lesions involving cerebellum and lower brain stem
Brain stem ischemia
Tumors
Multiple sclerosis
Disorders of Peripheral Vestibular*
Sudden onset if dizziness by head changes
Meniere disease
Episodes of tinnitus, feelings of ear fullness, violent vertigo (can’t sit or walk)
How to diagnose vestibular disorders?*
Description of symptoms
History of trauma or exposure to toxic agents
Eye movement (nystagmus)
Balance n equilibrium
External Ear
Passes waves to middle ear
Middle Ear
Protects inner ear from damaging sounds
- 3 bones (malleus, stapes, incus)
Inner Ear
Main organ of balance (vestibular function)
Translate sounds waves to auditory nerve which transfers to the brain stem
External Ear Disorders
Wax - impacted cerumen
Otitis External - inflammation
Otorrhea- drainage from external ear
3 functions of Eustachian Tube
- ventilates and equalizes middle war with ambient pressure
- protects middle ear from unwanted sound waves/ secretions
- drains middle ear secretions into nasopharynx
Middle Eat Disorders
Acute Otitis in children
Otitis Media
Otitis Media with Effusion
Acute Otitis Media (in Children)
Eustachian tube is shorter, more horizontal and wider
- infection spreads more easily cuz of being on supine position
Otitis Media
Middle ear infection associated with collected fluid
Otitis Media with Effusion
Fluid in middle ear without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection
Inner Ear Disorder
Tinnitus
Hearing loss
Hearing Loss
Conductive hearing loss - stimuli not adequately transmitted
Sensorineural hearing loss - disorders of inner ear including auditory nerve or pathways to brain
Mixed hearing loss
Ostoclerosis
Formation of spongy bones around stapes, immobilizing it leadings to deafness
Balance Reflexes
Vestibular nuclei - center for balance
Cranial nerves oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
Vestibulo-ocular reflexes
Nystagmus
Involuntary eye movements that is repetitive or uncontrollable
Tinnitus
Constant ringing in ears
Treatments for hearing loss
Remove cerumen
Hearing aids
Cochlear implants
Reconstruction of tympanic membrane
