Disorders of Coagulation & Leukocytes

Question 1

Three tests for the coagulation cascade/factors

Answer 1

1. Activated clotting time (ACT)
   - Eval all but #7
2. Prothrombin Time (PT)
   - Eval Extrinsic & Common pathways
   - V sensitive to vita K antagonists
3. Partial Thromboplastin (PTT)
   - Eval Intristsic pathway
   - Sensitive to vita K antagonists & hemophilia

Question 2

Rodenticide Toxicity is the most common cause of ____ disorders in cats and dogs.
It is caused by the ingestion of ____ or ____ poisons.

Answer 2

1. Bleeding
2. Warfarin or coumadin

Question 3

T/F: Rodenticide poisoning by rodent ingestion is possible.

Answer 3

True! This is often how cats can end up with this toxicity

Question 4

T/F: Rodenticide poison is not stable in the environment for years

Answer 4

False! It is stable for many years

Question 5

Rodenticide Toxicity
1. Clinical signs
2. Pathophysiology

Answer 5

1. Signs
   - Aqua blue-green material in feces
   - Sudden, severe anemia 3 days to 6w after toxin ingestion
   - Hemorrhage may or may not be clinical
   - Owners usually aren’t aware of toxin ingestion
2. Pathophysiology
   - Coumadin blocks vita K production by the liver
   - Failure of clotting cascade after stored vita K exhausted (3d)
   - Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

Question 6

Rodenticide Toxicity
1. Dx
2. Therapy

Answer 6

1. Dx
   - Severely prolonged ACT, PT, & PTT
   - Response to vit K therapy within 24hrs
2. Therapy
   - Vit K therapy 2-3x daily for 6w
   - Supportive care (blood &/or plasma transfusion)

Question 7

Hemophilia
1. A rare inherited ___ disorder in dogs and cats.
2. What it affects
3. Clinical signs
4. Testing

Answer 7

1. Clotting
2. Affects a specific branch of the clotting cascade.
3. May or may not have clinical signs
4. PT or PTT

Question 8

Leukopenia

Answer 8

Low white count, non-specific

Question 9

Leukocytosis

Answer 9

Elevated white cell count:
Immune response
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Steroids

Question 10

Leukemia

Answer 10

Neoplasia of bone marrow

Question 11

Lymphoma

Answer 11

Neoplasia of lymphocytes
- Lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow

Question 12

Panleukopenia

Answer 12

ALL white cells low

Question 13

Neutropenia or Lymphopenia

Answer 13

The specific line has a low count (white)

Question 14

Causes for diseases with low white counts (3)

Answer 14

1. Viral infection
   - FeLv, FIV, Feline panleukpenia, canine distemper, canine parvo
2. Sepsis
3. Bone marrow disease
   - Neoplasia, toxin, immune-mediate, dysplasia

Question 15

Lymphoma
1. Clinical signs
2. Dx

Answer 15

1. Signs
   - Lymph node enlargement
   - Fever
   - Lethargy
   - Inappetance/weight loss
   It is rapidly progressive!!
2. Dx
   - Malignant lymphocytes seen in cytology or biopsy
   - Extremely important to confirm the diagnosis, many infectious diseases will cause lymph node enlargement
   - Cats often FeLV positive
   - FNA sample

Question 16

Lymphoma therapy

Answer 16

1. Very responsive to chemotherapy
   - Combo of protocols works best
2. Also responds to radiation therapy
3. Sx rarely indicated
4. Goal 1yr or more without clinical signs!

Question 17

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly called FIV or feline ____. Lentivirus is most common in ____ male cats from ____ wound transmission. Maybe ____ or show aids.

Answer 17

1. AIDS
2. Outdoor male cats
3. Bite
4. Asymptomatic

Question 18

FIV AIDS
1. Clinical signs
2. Tx
3. Prevention

Answer 18

1. Signs
   - AIDS
   - Episodic fevers
   - Weight loss
   - Gingivitis
   - Anemia
   - Persistent or recurring infections
2. Tx
   - Supportive care (infections & inappetence)
   - Antiviral agents (AZT, interferon)
3. Prevention
   - Test & isolation of positive animals
   - Vaccination (not common and unpredictable)

Question 19

Immune-mediated definition

Answer 19

Autoimmune diseases, where the immune response is directed against self-antigens.