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PYC 3702: Abnormal Psychology > Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Tut 503 & PB) > Flashcards

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence (Tut 503 & PB) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is child and adolescent mental health

A

It is the capacity to achieve and maintain optimal psychological functioning and well being which is directly related to the degree of age appropriate biopsychosocial development achieved using available resources

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2
Q

List some factors in developing childhood psychopathology

A 
Heredity influence
Prenatal influence
Birth defects
Postnatal disease 
Inadequate nutrition
Poverty 
Detrimental early social experience
Family psychopathology
Child abuse
Poor peer relationships
Specific stressors
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3
Q

What are neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Disorders involving severe childhood impairment in areas like reciprocal social interaction skills communication skills and display of stereotyped interest and behaviour

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4
Q

Define autistic spectrum disorders ASD

A

Is a life long complex and severe childhood disorder which results in disordered brain development and function altering quality of development in areas like communication and social interaction as well as stereotyped patterns of behaviour interests and activities and imagination skills

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5
Q

Define temperament

A

Innate emotional predisposition or personality traits

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6
Q

Define child psychopathology

A

The emotional and behavioural manifestation of psychological disorders in children and adolescents

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7
Q

What are internalizing disorders

A

Conditions involving emotional symptoms directed inward.

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8
Q

Define seperation anxiety disorder

A

Severe distress about leaving home being alone or being seperated from a caregiver

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9
Q

State what selective mutism is

A

Consistent failure to speak in certain situations.

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10
Q

What is reactive attachment disorder RAD

A

A trauma related disorder characterized by inhibited avoidant social behaviour and reluctance to seek or respond to attention and nurturing.

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11
Q

Define disinhibited social engagement disorders DSED

A

A trauma related attachment disorder characterized by indiscriminate superficial attachment and desperation for interpersonal contact.

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12
Q

How does youth experience PTSD

A

Memories of event may entail distressing dreams intense physiological or psychological reactions to thought or cues associated with event episodes of playacting the event or dissociative reactions

Experience recurrent distressing memories of a shocking experience.

It may include threats of or direct experience of death serious injury or sexual violation.

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13
Q

State what is nonsuicidal self injury NSSI

A

Is the intentional self inflicted harm intended to provide relief from negative feelings or to induce positive feelings can also involve a preoccupation with engaging in self harm.

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14
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder DMDD

A

A childhood disorder involving chronic irritability and significant exaggerated anger reaction

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15
Q

What is pediatric bipolar disorders PBD

A

A childhood disorder involving depressive and energised episodes similar to the mood swings observed in adult bipolar disorders

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16
Q

What are externalizing disorders

A

Disruptive behaviour disorders associated with symptoms that are socially disturbing and distressing to others

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17
Q

What is required to diagnose a disruptive impulse control disorders

A

Behaviour that is atypical for child culture gender age and development level and severe enough to cause distress to the child or others or negatively affect social or academic functioning.

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18
Q

What is oppositional defiant disorder ODD

A

A childhood disorder characterized by negativistic argumentative and hostile behaviour patterns

19
Q

What is intermittent explosive disorder

A

Condition involving frequent lower intensity outbursts or low frequency high intensity outbursts of extreme verbal or physical aggression

20
Q

What is conduct disorders CD

A

A persistent pattern of behaviour that violates the rights of others including aggression serious rule violations and illegal behaviour.

21
Q

What is enuresis

A

It’s an elimination disorder which involves soiling ones clothes or bed or onto the floor during the day and bed wetting at night.

22
Q

What is Encopresis

A

It’s an elimination disorder which involves defecating onto one’s clothes the floor or other inappropriate places.

23
Q

What’s neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Conditions involving impaired development of the brain and Central nervous system that are evident early in child life.

24
Q

What are tics motor tic and vocal tic

A

Tic: an involuntary repetitive movement or vocalisation

Motor tic: a tic involving Physical behaviour like eye blinking facial grimacing or head jerking

Vocal tic: an audible tic like coughing grunting throat clearing sniffing making sudden vocal outbursts

25
Q

Define Tourette’s disorder TD

A

A condition characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics

26
Q

Define coprolalia

A

Involuntary utterance of obscene or inappropriate remarks

27
Q

What is habit reversal

A

A therapeutic techniques in which a client is taught to substitute new behaviour for habitual behaviour like tics

28
Q

Define Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders ADHD

A

Childhood onset disorder characterized by persistent attentional problems and or impulse hyperactive behaviour

29
Q

What is the biological dimensions of etiology for ADHD

A

Functional abnormalities in frontal brain regions associated with executive functions attention and inhibition of responses

Brain structure and circuitry irregularities in regions like frontal cortex cerebellum and parietal lobes

Reductions in neurotransmitters EG dopamine and GABA that affect signal flow to and from frontal lobes.

30
Q

What is the psychological social and socio-cultural dimensions of etiology for ADHD

A 
Family stress 
Severe marital conflict
Poverty 
Maternal mental disorders
Negative interaction with parents and peers
31
Q

Define autism spectrum disorders

A

A disorder characterized by a continuum of impairment in social communication and restricted stereotyped interest and activities

32
Q

What are some characteristics of ASD

A

Deficits in social communication and interaction
+ Atypical social emotional reciprocity.
+ Atypical nonverbal communication.
+ Difficulty developing and maintaining relationships.

Repetitive behaviours or restricted interests or activity involving
# repetitive speech movement or use of objects.
# Intense focus on rituals or routine and strong resistance to change. 
# Intense fixation or restricted interests.
# Atypical sensory activity.
33
Q

What is autistic savant

A

An individual with autism spectrum disorders who perform well in certain tasks .

34
Q

What is the biological dimensions of etiology for ASD

A

Unique patterns of metabolic brain activity

Reduced gaze toward eye regions of faces

Abnormal levels of serotonin

Hyperconnectivity throughout brain

Accelerated growth of amygdala in early childhood

35
Q

What is intellectual disability ID

A

A disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour which includes

Below average general intellectual functioning

Deficiencies in adaptive behaviour which is performance on tasks of daily living including academic skills self care and ability to work or live independently that are greater than would be expected based on age or cultural background

36
Q

What are the genetic factors associated with eitology of ID

A

Genetic variation and abnormalities.
Chromosomal variations

Fragile X syndrome: an inherited condition involving limited production of proteins required for brain development resulting in mild to severe ID.

Down syndrome:a chromosomal disorder that causes physical and neurological abnormalities.

Amniocentesis: a prenatal screening involving withdrawal of amniotic fluid from fetal sac.

37
Q

What are the non genetic biological factors associated with eitology of ID

A

Virus and infection
Drug and alcohol exposure
Fetal alcohol spectrum effects: a continuum of detrimental neurological and behavioural effect resulting from maternal Alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Fetal alcohol syndrome:a condition resulting from maternal Alcohol consumption during gestation that involves CNS dysfunction and altered brain development.

Radiation
Poor nutrition
Prematurity

38
Q

What are the psychological social and socio-cultural factors associated with eitology of ID

A 
Lack of health care 
Poor nutrition
Inadequate educational opportunities
Socioeconomic status
Parenting style
39
Q

What are learning disorders

A

An academic disability characterized by reading writing or math skills that are substantially Below Ave levels expected based on age intellectual ability and educational background

Dyslexia: a condition involving significant difficulty with reading skills

Dyscalculia: a condition involving difficulty in understanding math skills or concept.

40
Q

How is childhood depression manifested

A

Extreme persistent or poorly regulated emotional states for Eg excessive happiness or changes from deep sadness to high elation

41
Q

What are the emotional signs of childhood depression

A

Sadness: child feels despondent and hopeless

Loss of pleasure or interest: child disengage in previously enjoyed activities

Anxiety: the child may become anxious tense and panicky

Turmoil: the child may feel worried and irritable

42
Q

What are the cognitive signs of childhood depression

A

Difficulty organising thoughts: problems concentrating or remembering.

Negative view: pessimistic perceiving themselves and life in negative manner

Worthlessness and guilt: obsess over perceived faults and failure

Helplessness and hopelessness: belief that there’s nothing they can do to relieve feelings of depression

Feelings of isolation: becoming very sensitive to slights from peers

Suicidal thoughts: thoughts of death where children wish they were dead

43
Q

What are the physicalsigns of childhood depression

A

Changes in appetite or weight.

Sleep disturbance

Sluggishness

Agitation

44
Q

What are the behavioural signs of childhood depression

A

Avoidance and withdrawal

Clinging and demanding

Activities in excess

Restlessness

Self harm

PYC 3702: Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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