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632: Neuroanatomy-Neuroscience > Disorders Affecting CN Function > Flashcards

Disorders Affecting CN Function Flashcards

1
Q

Lesions of olfactory nerve can result in what?

A

an inability to smell

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2
Q

What may also interfere with the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

Smoking or excessive nasal mucus

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3
Q

What does a complete interruption of the optic nerve result in?

A
  • ipsilateral blindness

- loss of the pupillary light reflex

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4
Q

Complete lesion of oculomotor nerve causes what 6 things?

A
  • Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)
  • Ipsilateral eye looks outward and down
  • Diplopia (double vision)
  • Deficits in moving the ipsilateral eye medially, downward, and upward
  • Loss of pupillary reflex and consensual response to light
  • Loss of constriction of the pupil in response to focusing on a near object
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5
Q

Lesion of the trochlear nerve prevents the activation of which muscle? What does this result in?

A

the superior oblique muscle, which means the ipsilateral eye cannot look downward and inward

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a trochlear nerve lesion?

A
  • double vision
  • difficulty reading
  • visual problems when descending stairs
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7
Q

Lesion of the abducens nerve prevents the activation of which muscle? What does this result in?

A

the lateral rectus muscle, which means the ipsilateral eye will look inward because the pull of the medial rectus muscle is unopposed

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of a abducens nerve lesion?

A
  • double vision

- inability to abduct eye

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9
Q

What does a lesion affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus produce?

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

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10
Q

An internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) disrupts the connection between what 2 nuclei?

A

the abducens nucleus and the oculomotor nucleus

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11
Q

What does internuclear ophthalmoplegia result in?

A

Normal movement of the eye contralateral to the lesion.

The eye ipsilateral to the lesion cannot adduct past the midline when the fellow eye moves laterally.

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12
Q

Complete lesion of the trigeminal nerve causes what?

A

anesthesia of the area supplied by the ophthalmic, maxillary, or mandibular branch

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13
Q

If only the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is affected, what is the result?

A

The afferent limb of the blink reflex will be interrupted, preventing blinking in response to touch stimulation of the cornea.

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14
Q

If only the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is affected, what is the result?

A

The jaw will deviate toward the involved side when the mouth is opened, and the masseter reflex will be lost.

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15
Q

What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

A

a dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve that produces severe, sharp, stabbing pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

Bell’s palsy effects the axons of which cranial nerve?

A

Facial (CN VII)

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17
Q

In patient’s with Bell’s palsy is facial somatosensation affected?

A

Facial somatosensation is normal, although people may report feeling numbness due to the lack of proprioceptive feedback from the paralyzed muscles

18
Q

Lesion of the vestibulocochlear nerve causes what?

A

loss of hearing in the ipsilateral ear

19
Q

Loss of hearing in one ear interferes with what?

A

the ability to locate sounds

20
Q

What are the 2 classifications of deafness as a result of peripheral disorders (the cochlea, organ of Corti or the cochlear nerve of the CN VIII)?

A
  • conductive

- sensorineural

21
Q

When does conductive deafness occur?

A

When transmission of vibrations is prevented in the outer or middle ear

22
Q

What are a couple common causes of conductive deafness?

A

excessive wax in the outer ear canal or otitis media

23
Q

Sensorineural deafness is due to what?

A

Damage to the receptor cells or the cochlear nerve

24
Q

What are a couple common causes of sensorineural deafness?

A
  • acoustic trauma
  • ototoxic drugs
  • Ménière’s disease
  • acoustic neuroma
25
Q

What is Tinnitus?

A

ringing or buzzing in the ears

26
Q

What does a complete lesion of the glossopharyngeal nerve interrupt?

A

The afferent limb of both the gag reflex and the swallowing reflex

27
Q

What is decreased following glossopharyngeal lesion?

A

Salivation

28
Q

What does a complete lesion of the vagus nerve result in?

A
  • difficulty speaking and swallowing
  • poor digestion
  • asymmetrical elevation of the palate
  • hoarseness
29
Q

Complete lesion of the accessory nerve paralyzes the _____ sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

ipsilateral

30
Q

How can you tell the difference between a cranial nerve lesion and an UMN lesion? Explain why…

A

Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions cause paresis rather than paralysis because cortical innervation is bilateral, and the muscles become hypertonic rather than hypotonic.

31
Q

What does a complete lesion of the hypoglossal nerve result in?

A

atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue

32
Q

What is the result when a person with a hypoglossal lesion is asked to stick out their tongue?

A

the tongue protrudes ipsilaterally rather than in the midline

33
Q

The problems with tongue control associated with a hypoglossal nerve lesion result in what?

A

difficulty speaking and swallowing

34
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

difficulty with swallowing

35
Q

Frequent choking, lack of awareness of food in one side of the mouth, or food coming out of the nose may indicate dysfunctions of which cranial nerves?

A 
V
VII
IX
X
XII
36
Q

What is Dysarthria?

A

poor control of the speech muscles (these patients can understand the spoken language and can write and read)

37
Q

Dysarthria may be caused by lower motor neuron involvement of which cranial nerves?

A

V
VII
X
XII

38
Q

Which cranial nerves can you suspect if the patient has asymmetrical pupils?

A

II or III

39
Q

Which cranial nerve can you suspect if the patient has a droopy upper eyelid?

A

III

40
Q

Which cranial nerves can you suspect if the patient has abnormal eye position?

A

III, IV, or VI

41
Q

Which cranial nerve can you suspect if the patient has drooping or asymmetrical facial muscles?

A

VII

42
Q

Which cranial nerves can you suspect if the patient has difficulty with articulating words?

A

V, VII, X, or XII

632: Neuroanatomy-Neuroscience (26 decks)

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