Disordered Eating and The Female Athlete Triad

Question 1

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 1

interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density

Question 2

What does disruption of LH and FSH do?

Answer 2

shuts down stimulation to the ovary, ceasing control of estradiol
low estradiol creates a hormonal environment that mimics menopause

Question 3

spectrum of energy availability

Answer 3

• clinical eating disorders
• subclinical eating disorders
• low energy availability
• adequate energy availability
• excessing energy availability

Question 4

Primary amenorrhea

Answer 4

-absence of menstruation by age 16 in a girl with secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

Secondary amenorrhea

Answer 5

-absence of 3 or more consecutive menstrual cycles in a girl who has begun menstruating

Question 6

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

Answer 6

• low body fat levels and exercise related chemicals disrupt the interplay of sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
• directly attributable to a low energy availability

Question 7

Spectrum of bone health

Answer 7

• low bone mass
• stress fractures
• osteoporosis

Question 8

How is bone strength characterized

Answer 8

by bone mineral content and the quality of the bone

Question 9

bone quality

Answer 9

the process of bone turnover

Question 10

most accepted diagnostic tool?

Answer 10

DEXA

Question 11

Osteoporosis

Answer 11

chronic condition characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissues leading to enhanced skeletal fragility and increased risk of fracture

Question 12

Principle cause of premenopausal osteoporosis in active women

Answer 12

decreased ovarian hormone production and hypestrogenemia

Question 13

Sports that are at risk for the female athlete triad

Answer 13

-figure skating, dance, distance running, diving, swimming, body building, track, cheerleading, wrestling, gymnastics

Question 14

Spectrum of eating disorders

Answer 14

• normal eating patterns
• disordered eating
• eating disorders

Question 15

Who establishes fixed criteria that individuals must meet in order to be diagnosed with an eating disorder?

Answer 15

DSM-IV

Question 16

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 16

• characterized by self-starvation
• weight is less than 85% of normal weight
• have an intense fear of gaining weight
• distorted sense of their body shape
• loss of menstrual period for 3 months
• 2 types

Question 17

What are the 2 subtypes of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 17

• restricting

- binge eating/purging

Question 18

Psychology of anorexia nervosa

Answer 18

• intense fear of gaining weight/becoming fat
• sense of worth is contingent upon weight
• strong desire to please others
• need for structure
• tendency to be more shy and withdrawn than average
• low self-esteem

Question 19

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 19

• recurrent binge eating episodes
• binge=large amount of food in less than 2 hours
• recurrent purging behaviour to prevent weight gain
• frequency: more that 2/week for 3 months
• preoccupation with body shape and weight
• specify life between purging and non-purging

Question 20

Purging

Answer 20

• vomiting
• laxatives/diuretics
• diet pills

Question 21

Nonpurging

Answer 21

• fasting

- excessive exercise

Question 22

psychology of bulimia nervosa

Answer 22

• fear of becoming fat/gaining weight
• self-worth contingent upon weight
• food as an emotional pacifier
• shame
• loss of control/impulsivity
• need for approval

Question 23

Physical findings of bulimia nervosa

Answer 23

• stomach acid eroding tooth enamel, resulting in discolouration and cavities
• removal of sodium and potassium from the body causing an electrolyte imbalance and potential arrhythmia
• irritation and tears in the lining of throat, esophagus, and stomach
• inability to have normal bowel movements as person might have dependance on laxatives
• abuse of emetics to induce vomiting can result in toxicity, heart failure, death

Question 24

Body Dismorphic disorder

Answer 24

-a somatoform disorder marked by a pre-occupation with an imagined or trivial defect in appearance that causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Question 25

Anorexia athletica

Answer 25

-shows signs of disordered eating and distorted body image
fails to meet all specific diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
-not considered a true eating order using DSM IV criteria
-intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
-restriction of food
-compulsive exercise and over-training
-amenorrhea may not be present***
-occasional bingeing and purging
-can easily progress to anorexia or bulimia

Question 26

physical warning signs of an eating disorder

Answer 26

• intolerance to cold
• dizziness
• constipation
• loss of muscle tone
• frequent weight fluctuations
• impaired concentration
• swollen salivary glands
• puffiness in cheeks
• broken blood vessels in eyes
• complains of sore throat, fatigue, and muscle aches
• tooth decay

Question 27

behavioural warning signs of an eating disorder

Answer 27

• restricted food intake
• eliminating certain foods/whole food groups
• fear of food
• excuse of picky eater
• excessive exercise
• regular weighing
• frequent comments about weight, calories, food and fat content
• frequent bathroom visits following meals
• moodiness
• withdrawal from others
• ritualistic eating or food behaviours

Question 28

attitudinal warning signs of an eating disorder

Answer 28

• dichotomous thinking
• denial of eating problem
• perfectionistic standards
• harsh self criticism
• self worth determined by weight

Question 29

Goals of treatment in an eating disorder

Answer 29

• normalization of body weight
• normalization of eating
• treatment of co-morbid psychiatric conditions
• treat/prevent medical complications
• prevention of relapse