Diseases/syndromes (test 2)

Question 1

syringomyelia (explanation and symptoms). Where is it most commonly found?

Answer 1

Cystic cavity within the central canal

“cape-like” bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities

Most common location is C8-T1

Question 2

poliomyelitis and Wednig-Hoffman disease

Answer 2

LMN degeneration of anterior horns of spinal cord

poliomyelitis (asymmetric weakness)

W-H disease (symmetric weakness)

Question 3

Medial medullary plate syndrome

Answer 3

occlusion of the anterior spinal artery

symtpoms:
loss of contralateral proprioception, touch, and vibration
contralateral limb paralysis (upper and lower)
ipsilateral tongue deviation

Question 4

What structures are affected in medial medullary plate syndrome?

Answer 4

medial lemniscus

pyramids

hypoglossus nucleus

Question 5

Lateral medullary plate syndrome (Wallenberg sydrome)

Answer 5

occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

symptoms:
decreased pain/temp to ipsilateral side of face (spinotrigeminal tract and nucleus)

loss/decrease in pain/temp from contralateral body (spinothalamic tract)

dysphagia, dysarthria, and hoarsness (nucleus ambiguus)

vertigo and nausea (vestibular nuclei)

Horner’s syndrome (hypothalamospinal (sympathetic control) fibers)

ipsilateral gait and limb ataxia, and nystagmus (inferior cerebellar peduncle)

Question 6

What structures are affected in lateral medullary plate syndrome?

Answer 6

solitary tract nucleus

nucleus ambiguus

inferior cerebral peduncle

spinal trigeminal tract

spinal trigeminal nucleus

spinothalamic tract

vestibular nuclei

Question 7

Weber’s syndrome

Answer 7

occlusion of the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery

contralateral hemiplegia and lower face weakness (damage to cerebral peduncle where the corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tracts run)

CN3 nerve palsy (down and out, diplopia, dilated pupil, ptosis)

Question 8

What structures are involved in weber’s syndrome?

Answer 8

cerebral peduncle

oculomotor nerve

Question 9

Locked-in syndrome

Answer 9

occlusion of circumferential branches of the basilar artery

Total paralysis of the limbs (bilateral damage to corticospinal tracts)

Complete dysphagia (Damage to the corticobulbar fibers)

CN III and IV are spared!!!