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Block 1 > Diseases of the Hepatobilary Tract > Flashcards

Diseases of the Hepatobilary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the portal triad?

A

Bile duct
Branch of portal vein
Branch of hepatic artery

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2
Q

What veins form the hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic and superior mesenteric veins

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3
Q

What conditions are caused by a failure of the filtration function of the liver?

A

Portal hypertension

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4
Q

What conditions are caused by a failure of the elimination function of the liver?

A

Jaundice

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5
Q

What are the consequences of a failure in the metabolic functions of the liver?

A

Acidosis
Muscle wasting
Coagulopathy
Hepatorenal syndrome

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6
Q

What are the five locations of porto-systemic anastamosis?

A 
Oesophagus (causes varices)
Paraumbilical area (caput medusae)
Upper anal canal (rectal varices)
Retroperitoneal
Bare area of liver
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7
Q

What causes portal hypertension?

A

Impairment of blood from portal vein to enter the liver, e.g. cirrhosis which causes a backlog of blood in the portal vein causing portal hypertension.

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8
Q

What are the two types of cirrhosis?

A

Micro and macro nodular cirrhosis

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalopathy?

A

Confusion
Confabulation
Reversal of daytime and nighttime rhythm
Liver flap

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10
Q

What are symptoms of chronic liver disease?

A 
Spider naevi
Clubbing
Ascites
Palmer erythema
Leukonychia
Gynaecomastia
Splenomegaly
Jaundice
Encephalopathy
Coagulopathy/bleeding
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11
Q

Define ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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12
Q

What can cause decompensation of liver failure?

A 
Infection
Toxins (e.g. alcohol)
Trauma
Surgery
Drugs
Variceal bleed
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13
Q

What are the common causes of liver injury?

A

Fat
Alcohol
Viruses
Iron excess

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14
Q

Define steatohepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver caused by fat

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15
Q

What do liver function tests detect?

A

Liver damage

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16
Q

What investigations detect liver distress?

A

ALT/AST- indicated hepatocyte damage

Alk Phos/GGT - bile duct damage/ obstruction

17
Q

What investigations indicate liver function?

A 
Prothrombin time
Bilirubin (marker of excretion)
Albumin
Urea/creatinine
pH
18
Q

What imaging methods can be used for liver diagnoses?

A

Ultrasound +/- liver biopsy
CAT
MRI
Liver fibroscan

19
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Failure of the elimination of bile

20
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstones

21
Q

What is choledocolithiasis?

A

Bile duct stones

22
Q

What are the risk factors for gall stones?

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

23
Q

What causes gall stones?

A

Reduce bile secretion or defective reabsorption of bile salts

24
Q

What are the pros and cons of ultrasound investigations for gallstones?

A

Pros: simple, non invasive

Cons: poor specificity, poor views of pancreas, operator dependant

25
Q

What are the causes of

pancreatitis?

A

Gall stones at distal common bile duct

Block 1 (31 decks)

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