Abdo Anatomy- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the abdominal cavity extend from?

A

Diaphragm to the pelvic girdle.

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2
Q

Horizontal planes:

Vertebral levels

A

Transpyloric plane: Through pylorus L1
Subcostal plane: below ribs, L3
Supracristal: L4, highest point of pelvis
Transtubercular: L5

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3
Q

Which planes divide the abdomen into 9 regions?

A

Mid-clavicular
Subcostal (L3)
Transtubercular (L5)

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4
Q

What are the attachments and function of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexes the vertebral column
Stabilises pelvis during walking
Separates down linea alba during pregnancy
Compresses abdominal contents

Crest of pubis to xiphoid process and costal cartilage 5-7

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5
Q

What does the lower portion of the external oblique attach to? What does this form?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Inguinal ligament

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis:
Location
Innervation
Functions

A

Crest of pubis-> xiphoid process and CC of ribs 5-7
T7-T11 thoracoabdominal nerves
Compresses abdominal viscera, stabilises pelvis during walking

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7
Q

External oblique:
Location
Innervation
Functions

A

Ribs -> iliac crest, pubic tubercle & linea alba
T7-T11 thoracoabdominal and subcostal T12 nerves
Contralateral rotation of the torso

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8
Q

Internal oblique:
Location
Innervation
Functions

A

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia -> ribs
T7-T11 thoracoabdominal and subcostal T12 nerves
Unilateral contraction = ipsilateral rotation of torso
Bilateral contraction = compression of abdomen

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9
Q

Transversus abdominis:
Location
Function
Innervation

A

Inguinal ligament, CC, iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia -> conjoint tendon, linea alba, xiphoid process and pubic crest
Compression of abdo
T7-11 thoracoabdominal , subcostal T12

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10
Q

What is the rectus sheath? Where is it?

A

Formed by the aponeuroses of the flat abdominal wall muscles and the transversalis fascia.
Above the arcuate line surrounds the rectus abdominis
Below the arcuate line sits anterior to the rectus abdominis.

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11
Q

What does the rectus sheath contain?

A

Inferior epigastric artery and vein

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the abdominal wall?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries: meet in the rectus sheath, unite the subclavian and external iliac arteries which forms a shunt route if aorta is narrowed.

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13
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal wall?

A

Follows quadrants
Upper quadrants: Axillary ipsilateral side
Lower quadrants: inguinal lymph nodes ipsilateral and contralateral sides

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14
Q

Where is the gut tube located?

A

Peritoneal cavity, wrapped in peritoneum

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15
Q

What structures are intraperitoneal?

A

Spleen
Liver
Stomach

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16
Q

What structures are retroperitoneal?

A
S- Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
A- Aorta
D- Duodenum
P- Pancreas (head and body)
U- Ureters
C- Colon (ascending and descending)
K- Kidneys
E- oEsopagus
R- Rectum
17
Q

What suspends the gut tube from the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

18
Q

What is a secondary retroperitoneal structure?

A

Intraperitoneal structure that later becomes retroperitoneal

19
Q

What are the visceral and parietal peritoneum? What are they sensitive to?

A

Visceral peritoneum: covers organ: insensitive to burning/cutting. Sensitive to stretch, inflammation, chemical change, hypoxia.

Parietal peritoneum: Covers inside of body wall, somatic innervation: highly sensitive to many stimuli.

20
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Double layered fold of peritoneum

21
Q

What is the blood supply to the gut tube? What are the vertebral levels?

A

Foregut: Coeliac Trunk, T12

Midgut: Superior mesenteric artery, L1

Hindgut: Inferior mesenteric artery, L3

22
Q

What are the boundaries of the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Foregut: Lower oesophagus to major duodenal papilla (between sections 2 and 3 of duodenum)

Midgut: Major duodenal papilla to 2/3 along transverse colon

Hindgut: 23 along transverse colon to upper anal canal

23
Q

Where does the foregut refer pain to?

A

Epigastric region (T5-T9 spinal nerves)

24
Q

Where does the midgut refer pain to?

A

Umbilical region (T10-T11 spinal nerves)

25
Q

Where does the hindgut refer pain to?

A

Pubic region (T12-L1 spinal nerves)

26
Q

Explain the mechanism of visceral pain referral

A

Visceral and somatic sensory nerves enter the spinal cord together and travel in the same spinal tracts.
The brain confuses location of origin, assumes pain is from dermatomal area.