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Pathology II > Diseases of Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Diseases of Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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2
Q

what are the minor salivary glands

A
  • palate
  • buccal mucosa
  • tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • labial mucosa
  • retromolar pad
  • oropharynx
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3
Q

what glands make up the parotid gland

A

100% serous

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4
Q

what do serous glands contain

A

zymogen granules

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5
Q

what type of gland is the submandibular galnd

A

serous and mucous but more serous

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6
Q

what type of gland is the sublingual gland

A

serous and mucous but more mucous

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7
Q

what is the distribution of minor salivary glands

A
  • palate - 60%
  • tongue - 10%
  • lips - 10%
  • cheeks - 10%
  • retromolar -10%
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8
Q

what are the minor salivary glands of the tongue

A
  • glands of von ebner
  • glands of blandin and nuhn
  • glands of weber
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9
Q

where are the glands of von ebner located and what type of gland is it

A
  • circumvalate papillae
  • serous
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10
Q

where are the glands of blandin and nuhn located and what type of gland is it

A

anterior ventral
- mucous

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11
Q

where are the glands of weber located and what type of gland is it

A

posterior lateral border
- mucous

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12
Q

what is a mucocele

A

disruption in ductal system and gets stuck in soft tissue

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13
Q

what are mucoceles caused by

A

trauma

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14
Q

what does a mucocele feel like on palapation

A

fluid

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15
Q

what is a mucocele also known as

A

mucous extravasation reaction

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16
Q

what can superficial mucoceles on the palate be confused with

A

chronic disorders that form multiple bullas

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17
Q

what is a ranula

A

mucocel associated with the sublingual gland

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18
Q

what is a plunging ranula

A

mucin dissects through mylohyoid muscle presenting as a neck mass

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19
Q

what is a sialolith

A

salivary stone

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20
Q

how does a salivary stone occur

A

mucin gets trapped in duct and becomes calcified and normal salivary flow gets blocked

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21
Q

where is a sialolith most common and why

A

whartons duct because of the bends and turns

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22
Q

what does a sialolith feel like on palpation

A

hard

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23
Q

what is the best radiograph to take to see a sialolith

A

occlusal

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24
Q

how does necrotizing sialometaplasia appear

A
  • on palate
  • often bilateral
  • ulcerating
  • unknown etiology
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25
Q

what is the histo of necrotizing sialometaplasia

A
  • pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
  • sialometaplasia
  • coagulative necrosis of the glands
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26
Q

describe sjogren syndrom

A
  • autoimmune disorder
  • dry mouth and dry eyes
  • bilateral enlargement of parotid gland
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27
Q

what is primary sjogren syndrom

A

no other autoimmune diseases

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28
Q

what lab values dx sjogrens

A
  • anti-SS- A (anti-Ro)
  • anti-SS-B (anti-La)
  • RF
  • ANA
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29
Q

what glands does sjogrens affect

A

major but effects are mimicked in minor glands too

30
Q

what do you look for in the histo of sjogrens

A

lymphoid aggregates

31
Q

what is the tumor distribution of parotid gland

A
  • benign 50%
  • malignant 50%wha
32
Q

what is the tumor distribution of submandibular gland

A
  • benign 40%
  • malignant 60%
33
Q

what is the tumor distribution of sublingual gland

A
  • benign 20%
  • malignant 80%
34
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the palate

A

benign 50%
malignant 50%

35
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the buccal mucosa

A

benign 50%
malignant 50%

36
Q

what is the tumor disribution of the upper labial mucosa

A
  • benign 80%
  • malignant 20%
37
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the lower labial mucosa

A
  • benign 15%
  • malignant 85%
38
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the tongue

A

up to 90% malignant

39
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the floor of the mouth

A

up to 90% malignant

40
Q

what is the tumor distribution of the retromolar pad

A

up to 90% malignant

41
Q

what is the growth rate induration, symtomatology, and ulceration of benign tumors

A
  • slow growth
  • movable
  • asymptomatic
  • intact mucosa
42
Q

what is the growth rate, induration, symtomatology, ulceration of malignant tumors

A
  • rapid growth
  • fixed
  • symptomatic
  • ulcerated
43
Q

what are the benign salivary gland tumors

A

-bengin mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma)
- monomorphic adenoma
- warthin’s tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
- oncocytoma
- ductal papillomas

44
Q

describe pleomorphic adenoma and who is it common in

A
  • most common salivary gland neoplasm
  • benign
  • middle aged females
  • painless slow growing mass
45
Q

what is the histo for pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • variable
  • mixture of ductal and myoepithelial elements
  • encapsulated
46
Q

describe monomorphic adenoma and who is affects

A
  • benign
  • tumor with prediliction for upper lip
  • middle aged females
  • painless slow growing mass
47
Q

what is the histo for monomorphic adenoma

A
  • uniform pattern
  • single layered cords of columnar or cuboidal epithelium
  • may demonstrate papillary projections
  • loose CT stroma, with prominent vascularity
  • thin fibrous capsuel
48
Q

describe papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

A
  • benign
  • 2nd most common benign salivary gland neoplasm
  • parotid gland
  • bilateral
  • middle aged males - lower in blakcs
  • smoking
  • painless slowly growing nodular mass
49
Q

what is the only salivary gland tumor with smoking etiology

A

papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

50
Q

what is the histo for papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

A
  • oncocytic ductal epithelium - uniform double rows
  • lymphoid aggregate
  • papillary cystic configuration
51
Q

describe oncocytoma

A
  • benign
  • rare salivary gland neoplasm
  • large epithelial cells, oncocytes
  • females- 8th decade
  • parotid
  • painless slow growing mass- multifocal
52
Q

what is the histo for oncocytoma

A
  • large polyhedral cells abundant in granular eosinophilic cytoplasm- mitochondria
  • limited stroma- thin fibrovascular septa
  • lymphoid infiltrate
53
Q

what are the malignant tumors of salivary glands

A
  • mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  • adenoid cystic carcinoma
  • polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma
  • acinic cell carcinoma
  • carcinoma ex- mixede tumor
  • adenocarcinoma NOS
54
Q

describe mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A
  • most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm
  • middle aged females
55
Q

what is a mucoepidermoid carcinoma clinically mistaken for

A

mucocele

56
Q

what is the histo for mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A
  • mucous producing cell s
  • epidermoid cells (squamous cells)
  • may be cystic or solid
57
Q

what are high grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas confused for histologically and how do you tell difference

A

squamous cell carcinoma
- look for mucocele and that is the high grade mucoepidermois carcinoma

58
Q

describe adenoid cystic carcinoma

A
  • best recognized salivary gland tumor
  • middle aged females
  • slowly, growing mass and painful
59
Q

what is the histo for adenoid cystic carcinoma

A
  • myoepithelial and ductal cells
  • perineural and perivascular invasion
  • cribriform pattern
  • SWISS CHEESE pattern
60
Q

what is the prognosis for adeoid cystic carcinoma and why

A
  • poor
  • because of perineural and perivascular invasion
61
Q

describe polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

A
  • common malignant minor salivary gland neoplasm
  • middle aged females
  • favors palate
62
Q

where are mucoepidermoid carcinomas likely to be

A

on retromolar pad

63
Q

what is the histo for polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

A
  • deceptive uniform apperance
  • different growth patterns
  • perineural and perivascular invasion
  • indian filing
64
Q

what is the prognosis for polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

A

relatively good

65
Q

describe acinic cell carcinoma

A
  • parotid
  • serous acinar differentiation
  • middle aged females
  • slow growing
  • low grade malignancy
66
Q

what is the histo for acinic cell carcinoma

A
  • well circumscribed
  • may be infiltrative
  • serous acinar cell with abundant granular basophilic cytoplasm and a round, stained eccentric nucleus
67
Q

describe carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • long standing pleomorphic adenoma
  • older adults
  • rapid growth
  • pain and ulceration
68
Q

what is the histo for carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • typical benign mixed tumor
  • malignant degeneration - cellular pleomorphism , abnormal mitotic activity, capsular invasion
69
Q

describe adenocarcinoma NOS

A
  • uncommon salivary gland neoplasm because usually we cant categorize it
  • middle aged females
70
Q

what is the histo for adenocarcinoma NOS

A

variable

71
Q
A

Pathology II (19 decks)

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