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Pathology II > Dental Anomalies II > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies II Flashcards

1
Q

what is gemination

A

attempt of a single tooth bud to divide, resulting in a bifid crown
- affects deciduous and permanent dentition

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2
Q

what are the clinical and radiographic features of gemination

A
  • tooth count is normal when anomalous tooth is counted as one
  • MC in anterior maxilla
  • RG: bifid crown with shared root canal
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3
Q

what is fusion

A
  • union of two normally separate tooth buds -> form a joined tooth
  • affects deciduous and perm dentition
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4
Q

what are the clinical and radiographic features of fusion

A
  • tooth count reveals missing tooth when anomalous tooth is counted as one
  • MC in anterior mandible
  • RG: separate canals usually present
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5
Q

what is concrescence

A

two fully formed teeth joined by root surfaces by cementum

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6
Q

what are the clinical features of concrescence

A
  • most common in posterior maxilla
  • often involved 2nd molar- root in close proximity to 3rd molar
  • may result from postinflammatory/carious tooth
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7
Q

what are the clinical features of a talon cusp

A
  • well delineated additional cusp located on the surface of an anterior tooth
  • extends at least half the distance between CEJ and incisal edge
  • MC in perm dentition
  • MC in maxillary lateral > central incisor
  • MC in asian, inuit, native american
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8
Q

what are the clinical features of dens evaginatus

A
  • cusp-like elevation of enamel
  • central groove or lingual ridge of the buccal cusp
  • observed in posterior teeth ( premolar MC)
  • MC in mandible
  • MC in asian, inuit, native americans
  • may result in occlusal interferences
  • frequent associated with shovel shaped incisors
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9
Q

what are the clinical features of dens invaginatus

A
  • deep surface invagination of the crown or tooth lined by enamel
  • MC permanent maxillary lateral and central incisors
  • tooth within a tooth
  • opening may become carious
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10
Q

what are the clinical features of an enamel pearl

A

-presence of enamel in an unusual location
- MC max molars > mand molars
- MC at furcation area or near CEJ
- precludes normal periodontal attachment

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11
Q

describe taurodontism

A
  • enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multi rooted tooth
  • isolated or syndromic
  • may be associated with cleft lip/palate
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12
Q

what are the clinical features of taurodontism

A
  • pulp chambers- increased apico- occlusal height
  • mild to severe cases
  • most common in permanent teeth
  • may appear bilateral
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13
Q

what is hypercementosis

A
  • non neoplastic deposiiton of excessive cementum along the root
  • isolated or involve multiple teeth
  • associated with local factors like trauma, inflammation
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14
Q

if there is a generalized pattern of hypercementosis consider:

A

paget disease

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15
Q

what are the clinical and radiographic features of hypercementosis

A
  • thickening or blunting of the root surface
  • MC in mandibular molars
  • frequency increases with age
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16
Q

what is dilaceration

A
  • abnormal angulation or bend in the root
  • majority arise following injury that displaces the calcified portion of the tooth germ
  • idiopathic or syndromic
17
Q

what are the clinical features of dilaceration

A
  • MC mand 3rd molard > max 2nd premolar > mand 2nd molar
  • bend occurs anywhere along the root
  • complications in extractions or endo
18
Q

what are the developmental alterations affecting structure

A
  • amelogenesis imperfecta
  • dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • dentin dysplasia
  • regional odontodysplasia
19
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • a large group of hereditary conditions that show alterations in the enamel in the absence of systemic disase
20
Q

amelogenesis imperfecta involved alterations in the enamel that may arise at any of the following stages:

A
  • matrix formation: hypoplastic
  • mineralization of matrix: hypocalcified
  • maturation of the enamel: hypomaturation
21
Q

what is the inheritance of amelogenesis imperfecta and which denintitions are affected

A
  • AD, AR, X linked inheritance
  • affects deciduous and permanent
22
Q

what are the clinical features of amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • hypoplastic type: may see pits, rows of missing enamel
  • hypocalcified type: enamel is soft, “cheesy”, easily lost. yellow, brown or organge
  • hypomaturation type: enamel is soft: opaque, white, brown
23
Q

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • hereditary disturbance in the formation of dentin in the adsence of any systemic disorder
  • DSPP gene mutation
  • AD inheritance
  • affects deciduous and permanent dentition
24
Q

what are the clinical features of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • deciduous teeth affected more severely
  • permanent teeth: most common in incisors and 1st molars
  • MC in white patients
  • blue to brown discoloration, distinct translucence
  • enamel strips from poorly formed dentin
25
Q

what are the radiographic features of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • bulbous crown, cervical constriction, thin roots
  • early obliteration of root canal and pulp chamber
  • OR
  • normal to enlarged pulp chambers
    -significantly enlarged pulp are called shell teeth
26
Q

what is dentin dysplasia I

A
  • loss of organization of root dentin leads to shortened root length
  • AD inheritance
  • type II thought to be a variant of dentiogenesis imperfecta
  • deciduous and permanent teeth affected
27
Q

what are the clinical features of dentin dysplasia I

A
  • enamel and coronal dentin well formed
  • radicular dentin loses organization -> short roots
  • tooth mobility and premature exfoliation
28
Q

what are the radiographic features of dentin dysplasia I

A
  • deciduous teeth: little or no detectable pulp, very short roots
  • permanent teeth: crescent shaped pulpal remnant, short roots
29
Q

what is regional osdontodysplasia

A
  • nonhereditary developmental abnormality of teeth that affects enamel, dentin and pulp
  • most cases are idiopathic, some syndromic
  • may be due to alteration of vascular supply
30
Q

what are the clinical findings in regional odontodysplasia

A
  • enamel, dentin and pulp affectde
  • MC in maxillary anterior teeth
  • dx at time of eruption of primary and permanent
  • affects several teet, quadrant distribution
  • impacted teeth, delayed eruption
  • erupted teeth are malformed, caries rampant
  • hyperplasia of overlying soft tissue
31
Q

what are the radiographic findings of regional odontodysplasia

A
  • extremely thin enamel and dentin
  • enlarged pulp chambers- ghost teeth
  • short roots may be observed
32
Q

what is segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

A
  • developmental disorder, affects jaw and overlying soft tissue
33
Q

what are the clinical features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

A
  • painless, unilateral enlargement of maxillary bone
  • usually dx during childhood
  • hyperplasia of overlying gingiva
  • primary teeth may be hypoplastic
  • maxillary premolar teeth may be missing
34
Q

what are the radiographic features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

A
  • thickened trabeculae, often vertically oriented
  • radiopaque, granular appearance
  • maxillary sinus may be smaller
35
Q

what is the tx for segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

A
  • remains relatively stable, may not require tx
  • surgical recontouring
36
Q
A

Pathology II (19 decks)

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