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NYCC Neuro 1 > Diseases of CNS and PNS > Flashcards

Diseases of CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

define

multiple sclerosis

A
  • presence of antibodies indicates autoimmune disease
  • presence of multifocal plaques (scar tissue deposited at sites of demyelination)
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2
Q

MS is characterized by ____ and ____ at irregular intervals

A

spontaneous unpredictable remissions and relapses

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3
Q

define

optic neuritis

A

scarring and inflammation of optic nerve

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4
Q

what is often one of the first symptoms of MS within 15 years?

A

optic neuritis

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5
Q

symptoms of MS

A
  • paresthesias
  • visual disturbances
  • internuclear opthalamoplegia
  • extremity incoordination & clumsiness
  • paresis with spasticity (hyperreflexia & hypertonia) - UMN symptoms
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6
Q

____ exacerbates symptoms of MS

A

temperature

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7
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

UMN/LMN

A

UMN

ventral root

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8
Q

clinical courses of MS

A
  • benign
  • mild
  • progressive
  • severe
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9
Q

what does paresis & paralysis mean?

A

paresis - some loss of function
paralysis - total loss of function

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10
Q

what symptoms occur with spasticity?

A

hyperreflexia & hypertonia

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11
Q

what does hyperreflexia mean?

A

more active reflexes in muscles

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11
Q

what does hypertonia mean?

A

tightened muscles

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12
Q

what symptoms occur with flaccidity?

A

hyporeflexia & hypotonia

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13
Q

what does hyporeflexia mean?

A

no/low reflexes

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14
Q

what does hypotonia mean?

A

no muscle tone

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15
Q

UMN/LMN

spastic paresis (hyperreflexia & hypertonia)

A

UMN

16
Q

UMN/LMN

flaccidity paresis (hyporeflexia & hypotonia)

A

LMN

17
Q

benign MS

A

mild relapses, complete recovery

18
Q

mild MS

A

moderate relapses with gradually accumulating neurological deficit

19
Q

progressive MS

A

steady progression without remission

20
Q

severe MS

A

frequent severe relapses with only partial recovery

21
Q

define

Guillain Barre’ Syndrome

A

autimmune disease causing acute demyelinating peripheral neuropathy

22
Q

guillain barre syndrome usually follows ____

A

a respiratory infection

23
Q

symptoms of guillain barre syndrome

A
  • glove & stocking pattern of sensory loss or paresthesia
  • paresis with hyporeflexia & atrophy (LMN symptoms)
24
Q

UMN/LMN

guillain barre syndrome

A

LMN

25
Q

define

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

disease of middle & late life involving UMN and LMN, with no sensory or autonomic symptoms

26
Q

symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

hand weakness & atrophy with generalized hyperreflexia, progressing rapidly throughout the body
(no sensory or autonomic symptoms)

27
Q

prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

90% expire within 6 yrs due to respiratory insufficiency

28
Q

define

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating weakness & fatigueability of skeletal muscle due to nicotinic acetylcholine destruction in the junction

29
Q

in myasthenia gravis, antibodies act against ____

A

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

30
Q

symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A
  • ptosis
  • affects ocular, facial, and muscles that function in phonation (dysphonia) and swallowing (dysphagia)
31
Q

what happens to synaptic performance in myasthenia gravis?

A
  • antibodies against nicotinic Ach receptors
  • # receptors compromised
  • normal infolding of postynaptic membrane reduced & cleft is enlarged
  • less NT find receptors before degraded by acetylcholinesterase
32
Q

Prognosis of myasthenia gravis

A
  • unpredictable course with spontaneous remissions
  • severe cases result in pulmonary failure due to respiratory paralysis
33
Q

Neostigmine is prescribed and a thymectomy is performed for ____

A

myasthenia gravis

34
Q

myasthenia gravis

A
  • Neostigmine prescribed (acetylchlinesterase inhibitor)
  • thymectomy performed

NYCC Neuro 1 (20 decks)

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