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NYCC Neuro 1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN IX name & function

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
- taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
- motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
- parasympathetic to parotid salivary glands
- visceral sensory from carotid sinus & body
- sensory to tympanic cavity, auditory tubes, upper pharynx, soft palate, posterior 1/3x of tongue

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2
Q

Lesion of CN IX

A
  • loss of sensation (or intense pain) of upper pharynx
  • reduced/absent gag reflex
  • difficulty adjusting BP/HR to postural changes
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3
Q

CN IX nuclei

A
  • solitary nucleus (taste, visceral afferents)
  • nucleus ambiguus (motor & parasympathetic)
  • inferior salivatory nucleus (parasympathetic)
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4
Q

CN X function

A

Vagus nerve:
- parasympathetic to thoracic & abdominal viscera (lungs heart, GI)
- motor to pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic laryngeal, palatal muscles for phonation & swallowing
- taste from larynx & epiglottis
- sensory to larynx, small portion of external ear, meninges in posterior cranial fossa and foramen magnum

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5
Q

CN X name

A

Vagus nerve

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6
Q

CN IX name

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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7
Q

CN X nuclei

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (parasympathetic)
  • nucleus ambiguus (motor)
  • solitary nucleus (taste, visceral afferents)
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8
Q

CN X lesion

A
  • loss of parasympathetics to thorax & abdomen (^HR, dec digestion)
  • dysphonia (hoarse voice), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
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9
Q

CN XI name

A

Accessory nerve

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10
Q

CN XI function

A

Accessory
- cranial: motor to pharyngeal, laryngeal, palatal muscles (runs with CN X)
- spinal: motor to trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles

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11
Q

CN XI lesion

A

Paralysis of ipsilateral trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles

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12
Q

CN XI nuclei

A

Nucleus ambiguus (motor)
Disperse cell bodies in medulla & cervical spinal cord

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13
Q

CN XII name

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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14
Q

CN XII nuclei

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

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15
Q

CN XII function

A

Motor to muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus)

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16
Q

CN XII lesion

A

Ipsilateral tongue paralysis & atrophy

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17
Q

CN V name

A

Trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

CN V nuclei

A
  • Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal (pain & temp)
  • mesencephalic nucleus (proprioception)
  • motor nucleus (mastication muscles)
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19
Q

Peripheral branches of CN V

A

V1: ophthalamic (sensory)
V2: maxillary (sensory)
V3: mandibular (mixed)

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20
Q

CN V function

A

Trigeminal
- sensory to face, scalp, teeth, most tongue, oral & nasal mucosa, dura mater & cerebral BVs
- motor to mastication muscles (masseter, temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoid muscles)

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21
Q

CN V lesion

A

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
facial anesthesia/numbness
Inability/difficulty biting down with jaw deviation to same side

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22
Q

Examination of CN V lesion

A

Touch by cotton swab
Pain by pinprick
Temperature
Corneal reflex
Jaw reflex
Masticatory movements

23
Q

CN VI name

A

Abducens

24
Q

CN VI nucleus

A

Abducent nucleus

25
Q

CN VI function

A

Extraocular movements (lateral rectus muscle)

26
Q

Examination of CN VI

A

Lateral eye movements (abduction)

27
Q

CN VI lesion

A

Diplopia (double vision), medial strabismus

28
Q

Levels of CN V

A
  1. Nucleus of spinal tract of trigeminal - midpons-C5
  2. Chief sensory nucleus - midpons
  3. Mesencephalic nucleus - midpons-midbrain
  4. Motor nucleus - midpons
29
Q

Where does CN V exit?

A

Trigeminal nerve: Midpons

30
Q

Level of CN VI

A

Abducens: tegmentum of lower pons at level of facial colliculus

31
Q

Where does CN VI exit?

A

Pontemedullary junction between basilar pons & pyramid

32
Q

CN VII name

A

Facial

33
Q

CN VII nuclei

A

Facial nucleus (motor)
Nucleus of solitary tract (taste & parasympathetic)
Superior salivatory nucleus (parasympathetic)

34
Q

Levels of CN VII

A

Facial nucleus: Lower pons at level of facial colliculus

35
Q

Where does CN VII exit?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

36
Q

CN VII peripheral branches

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal
Mandibular
Cervical
(The Zebra Bit My Cat)

37
Q

CN VII function

A

Facial:
- motor to muscles of facial expression
- taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani
- parasympathetic to lacrimal, serous & mucous glands of nasopharynx, and submandibular & sublingual glands via chorda tympani

38
Q

Examination of CN VII

A

Facial expression movements & taste

39
Q

CN VII lesion

A

Bell’s Palsy:
LMN type facial paralysis
(hyperacpusis, unilateral facial paralysis with inability to wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrow, shut Ike, tear flow over sagging lower eyelid, loss of lost from anterior 2/3 of tongue

40
Q

CN VIII name

A

Vestibulocochlear

41
Q

CN VIII nuclei

A
  • vestibular nuclei (4)
  • cochlear nuclei
42
Q

CN VIII function

A

Balance & equilibrium
Hearing

43
Q

CN VIII lesion

A

Vertigo, nystagmus, vomiting
Loss of hearing

44
Q

CN IV name

A

Trochlear

45
Q

Nucleus of CN IV

A

Anterior part of periaqueductal gray at level of inferior colliculus

46
Q

Where does CN IV exit?

A

Inferior to inferior colliculi after nerve fibers decussation in superior medullary velum

47
Q

CN IV function

A

Innervation of superior oblique muscle

48
Q

Examination of CN IV

A

Turn Eyeball into down & in position

49
Q

CN IV lesion

A

Inability and double vision when looking down & in

50
Q

CN III Name

A

Oculomotor

51
Q

CN III nuclei

A

Anterior portion of periaqueductal gray at level of superior colliculus
- motor
- edinger-westphal (parasympathetic)

52
Q

where does CN III exit?

A

Interpeduncular fossa

53
Q

CN III function

A
  • Motor to all extraocular muscles except lateral rectus & superior oblique (Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique & levator palpebrae superioris)
  • parasympathetics to sphincter pupillae (constriction) & ciliaris (accomodation)
54
Q

CN III lesion

A

Ptosis
Lateral strabismus
Mydriasis (enlarged, unresponsive to light pupil)
Cycloplegia (enlarged, unresponsive to accommodation pupil)

NYCC Neuro 1 (20 decks)

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