Diseases for Final

Question 1

Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 1

• fibrosis and development of regenerative hepatic nodules caused by chronic liver inflammation or injury
• fatigue, weight loss/loss of appetite, Terry’s nails, ascites, hypertension

Question 2

Pancreatitis

Answer 2

• inflammation of the pancreas as a result of enzymes becoming activated in the pancreas and digesting it
• ABD pain that spreads to back or chest, nausea, vomiting, gastric distention of ABD, jaundice

Question 3

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 3

• breathing disorder the prevents the lungs from fully expanding
• insufficient production of surfactant by alveolar type II cells
• fast and shallow breathing, grunting, bluish tone on the skin and lips

Question 4

Asthma

Answer 4

• chronic narrowing and inflammation of the bronchioles, restricting airways
• genetic (abnormality in IgE production) and environmental factors (air pollutants, pollen, pet dander)
• smooth muscle of bronchioles spasm, causing wheezing, SOB, chest tightness and mucus buildup

Question 5

Emphysema

Answer 5

• COPD caused by alveolar hyperinflation that degrades the alveolar sac’s elastic fibers
• irritant (smoking, vaping, dust) causes weakening of the alveolar wall or Genetic Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency that inhibits neutrophil esterase and an imbalance of protease and anti-protease
• SOB, cough, phlegm production, wheezing, barrel chest

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

• genetic, autosomal recessive disorder that results in chronic cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, infertility in males, GI issues
• mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates salt and water movement in cells, leads to production of thick and sticky mucus in various organs